17 research outputs found
Scurvy
Scurvy is a nutritional disorder which can develop
after prolonged (>1-3 months) severe vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is a cofactor in several enzyme reactions involved in collagen synthesis. The defect in collagen causes blood vessel fragility, poor wound healing, mucocutaneous bleedings, hair abnormalities, bone pains, and joint contractures due to perios-teal and intraarticular bleeding (1,2). Risk factors for scurvy development are undernutrition, low socio-economic status, older age, male sex, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, and severe psychiatric illnesses (1-3). The required daily intake for vitamin C is ~60 mg, and this amount of vitamin C can be found in only one medium-sized orange. For this reason, the disease is rarely encountered in developed countries and is often underrecognized by healthcare personnel. Here-in, we present an illustrative case of scurvy in order to raise the awareness of this disorder
Scurvy
Scurvy is a nutritional disorder which can develop
after prolonged (>1-3 months) severe vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is a cofactor in several enzyme reactions involved in collagen synthesis. The defect in collagen causes blood vessel fragility, poor wound healing, mucocutaneous bleedings, hair abnormalities, bone pains, and joint contractures due to perios-teal and intraarticular bleeding (1,2). Risk factors for scurvy development are undernutrition, low socio-economic status, older age, male sex, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, and severe psychiatric illnesses (1-3). The required daily intake for vitamin C is ~60 mg, and this amount of vitamin C can be found in only one medium-sized orange. For this reason, the disease is rarely encountered in developed countries and is often underrecognized by healthcare personnel. Here-in, we present an illustrative case of scurvy in order to raise the awareness of this disorder
METAHEURISTICS FOR OPTIMIZING SAFETY STOCK IN MULTI STAGE INVENTORY SYSTEM
Managing the right level of inventory is critical in order to achieve the targeted level of customer service, but it also carries significant cost in supply chain. In majority of cases companies define safety stock on the most downstream level, i.e. the finished product level, using different analytical methods. Safety stock on upstream level, however, usually covers only those problems which companies face on that particular level (uncertainty of delivery, issues in production, etc.). This paper looks into optimizing safety stock in a pharmaceutical supply considering the three stages inventory system. The problem is defined as a single criterion mixed integer programming problem. The objective is to minimize the inventory cost while the service level is predetermined. In order to coordinate inventories at all echelons, the variable representing the so-called service time is introduced. Because of the problem dimensions, metaheuristics based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are constructed and compared, using real data from a Croatian pharmaceutical company. The computational results are presented evidencing improvements in minimizing inventory
costs
METAHEURISTICS FOR OPTIMIZING SAFETY STOCK IN MULTI STAGE INVENTORY SYSTEM
Managing the right level of inventory is critical in order to achieve the targeted level of customer service, but it also carries significant cost in supply chain. In majority of cases companies define safety stock on the most downstream level, i.e. the finished product level, using different analytical methods. Safety stock on upstream level, however, usually covers only those problems which companies face on that particular level (uncertainty of delivery, issues in production, etc.). This paper looks into optimizing safety stock in a pharmaceutical supply considering the three stages inventory system. The problem is defined as a single criterion mixed integer programming problem. The objective is to minimize the inventory cost while the service level is predetermined. In order to coordinate inventories at all echelons, the variable representing the so-called service time is introduced. Because of the problem dimensions, metaheuristics based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are constructed and compared, using real data from a Croatian pharmaceutical company. The computational results are presented evidencing improvements in minimizing inventory
costs
NUTRITIVNI ZBROJ (CONTROLLING NUTRITIONAL STATUS - CONUT) MOŽE PREDVIDJETI PREŽIVLJENJE BOLESNIKA NA HEMODIJALIZI
Malnutrition causes substantial morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) has emerged as a simple and an easily obtainable tool to comprehensively assess nutrition as it consists of serum albumin levels, absolute lymphocyte counts, and total cholesterol levels. The CONUT has been shown to predict overall survival (OS) in peritoneal dialysis patients. This study investigated whether CONUT might also predict OS in maintenance HD patients. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected. Survival time was calculated from the fi rst HD until death or last follow-up; survival analyses were performed using the methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Eighty-nine patients were included; mean age was 65.76 years (Ā±14), 35 (39.3%) were female, and the mean CONUT was 3. Higher CONUT score correlated with lower low-density liproprotein, higher serum creatinine, higher serum C-reactive protein and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, as well as with a higher incidence of nephrotic proteinuria (p<0.050 for all analyses). Univariately, patients with higher CONUT (ā„5) had an inferior OS (median 54 vs. 112 months, HR 2.27; p=0.013). In the Cox regression analysis, higher CONUT remained independently associated with inferior OS (HR 9.50; p=0.002) when adjusted to age, sex, diabetes mellitus and nephrotic proteinuria. Therefore, the CONUT score might identify HD patients at an increased risk of death; however, future studies are needed to elucidate whether CONUT score might be able to guide nutritional support in HD patients.Pothranjenost uzrokuje znaÄajan pobol i smrtnost bolesnika na hemodijalizi (HD). Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) je jednostavan nutritivni zbroj koji cjelovito procjenjuje uhranjenost, a sastoji se od serumske koncentracije albumina, apsolutnog broja limfocita i koncentracije serumskog kolesterola. Ova unicentriÄna retrospektivna studija analizirala je prediktivnu sposobnost zbroja CONUT da procijeni preživljenje bolesnika na HD. Ukupno preživljenje mjereno je kao vrijeme od prve HD do smrti ili posljednjeg pregleda bolesnika, a krivulje preživljenja usporeÄene su Kaplan-Meirovom metodom, dok je Coxova regresijska metoda primijenjena u multivarijatnim analizama. UkljuÄeno je 89 bolesnika, od toga 35 (39,3 %) žena; srednja dob bila je 65,76 godina (Ā±14). Srednji zbroj CONUT bio je 3. ViÅ”i zbroj CONUT korelirao je s nižim koncentracijama serumskog lipoproteina niske gustoÄe, viÅ”im serumskim kreatininom, viÅ”im serumskim C-reaktivnim proteinom i viÅ”im omjerom neutrofi la/limfocita, kao i s veÄom uÄestaloÅ”Äu nefrotske proteinurije (p<0,050 za sve analize). U univarijatnoj analizi je viÅ”i zbroj CONUT (ā„5) bio povezan s loÅ”ijim preživljenjem (medijan 54 prema 112 mjeseci, HR 2,27; p=0,013). U multivarijatnoj Coxovoj regresijskoj analizi je viÅ”i CONUT ostao nezavisno povezan s loÅ”ijim preživljenjem (HR 9,50; p=0,002) kada je bio ispravljen za dob, spol, Å”eÄernu bolest i nefrotsku proteinuriju. ZakljuÄno, zbroj CONUT može identifi cirati bolesnike na HD s poviÅ”enim rizikom od smrti. Potrebne su dodatna istraživanja kako bi se analizirala sposobnost zbroja CONUT da usmjeri nutritivnu potporu u bolesnika na HD
Vrijednosti hematoloÅ”kih pokazatelja u pasa lijeÄenih supkonjunktivalnom primjenom staniÄnog alografta.
The cornea, as a source for obtaining stem cells, is a good medium for their use in veterinary ophthalmology. In this research, we used dogs which had been diagnosed with extensive, chronic thinning of the central cornea (vertex corneae) generated due to complicated mechanical damage to the corneae pannosa. The goal of this study was to test whether subconjuctival application of limbal stem cells allografts had any influence on haematology parameters in peripheral blood. The animals were divided into three experimental groups regardless of breed, sex and age, and each group comprised 7 dogs. Group A consisted of clinically healthy dogs (control), in group B there were dogs who had had injuries treated by a conventional ophthalmological approach in veterinary medicine, and group C in which corneal injuries were treated using subconjuctival cell allografts. Blood samples were taken four times during the experiment from all animals for haematological analysis. Transplantation of limbal stem cell allografts did not affect the physiological haematology parameters.Rožnica, kao izvor matiÄnih stanica, dobar je medij za njihovu uporabu u veterinarskoj oftalmologiji. U ovom istraživanju koristili smo pse kojima su dijagnosticirana opsežna, kroniÄna stanjivanja srediÅ”njeg dijela rožnice, posljedica mehaniÄkih oÅ”teÄenja, dodatno komplicirana upalnim procesima. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj supkonjunktivalne primjene limbalnog staniÄnog alografta na hematoloÅ”ke pokazatelje u perifernoj krvi pacijenata. Životinje su bile podijeljene u tri pokusne skupine, bez obzira na pasminu, spol i dob. U svakoj skupini bilo je sedam pasa. U skupini A bili su kliniÄki zdravi psi (kontrolna skupina), u skupini B bili su psi kojima su ozljede obraÄene konvencionalnim oftalmoloÅ”kim pristupom, a psima u skupini C oÅ”teÄenja rožnice bila su lijeÄena supkonjunktivalnom primjenom staniÄnog alografta. Äetiri puta tijekom istraživanja svim su životinjama uzeti uzorci periferne venske krvi za hematoloÅ”ke pretrage. Supkonjunktivalna primjena staniÄnog alografta nije utjecala na promjenu vrijednosti hematoloÅ”kih pokazatelja u obraÄivanih pasa
Vrijednosti hematoloÅ”kih pokazatelja u pasa lijeÄenih supkonjunktivalnom primjenom staniÄnog alografta.
The cornea, as a source for obtaining stem cells, is a good medium for their use in veterinary ophthalmology. In this research, we used dogs which had been diagnosed with extensive, chronic thinning of the central cornea (vertex corneae) generated due to complicated mechanical damage to the corneae pannosa. The goal of this study was to test whether subconjuctival application of limbal stem cells allografts had any influence on haematology parameters in peripheral blood. The animals were divided into three experimental groups regardless of breed, sex and age, and each group comprised 7 dogs. Group A consisted of clinically healthy dogs (control), in group B there were dogs who had had injuries treated by a conventional ophthalmological approach in veterinary medicine, and group C in which corneal injuries were treated using subconjuctival cell allografts. Blood samples were taken four times during the experiment from all animals for haematological analysis. Transplantation of limbal stem cell allografts did not affect the physiological haematology parameters.Rožnica, kao izvor matiÄnih stanica, dobar je medij za njihovu uporabu u veterinarskoj oftalmologiji. U ovom istraživanju koristili smo pse kojima su dijagnosticirana opsežna, kroniÄna stanjivanja srediÅ”njeg dijela rožnice, posljedica mehaniÄkih oÅ”teÄenja, dodatno komplicirana upalnim procesima. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj supkonjunktivalne primjene limbalnog staniÄnog alografta na hematoloÅ”ke pokazatelje u perifernoj krvi pacijenata. Životinje su bile podijeljene u tri pokusne skupine, bez obzira na pasminu, spol i dob. U svakoj skupini bilo je sedam pasa. U skupini A bili su kliniÄki zdravi psi (kontrolna skupina), u skupini B bili su psi kojima su ozljede obraÄene konvencionalnim oftalmoloÅ”kim pristupom, a psima u skupini C oÅ”teÄenja rožnice bila su lijeÄena supkonjunktivalnom primjenom staniÄnog alografta. Äetiri puta tijekom istraživanja svim su životinjama uzeti uzorci periferne venske krvi za hematoloÅ”ke pretrage. Supkonjunktivalna primjena staniÄnog alografta nije utjecala na promjenu vrijednosti hematoloÅ”kih pokazatelja u obraÄivanih pasa
BraŔno - Kruh '15
Proceedings contains 28 original research articles presented at 8th International Congress Flour ā Bread ā15 and 10th Croatian Congress of Cereal Technologists BraÅ”no ā Kruh ā1
Scurvy
Scurvy is a nutritional disorder which can develop
after prolonged (>1-3 months) severe vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is a cofactor in several enzyme reactions involved in collagen synthesis. The defect in collagen causes blood vessel fragility, poor wound healing, mucocutaneous bleedings, hair abnormalities, bone pains, and joint contractures due to perios-teal and intraarticular bleeding (1,2). Risk factors for scurvy development are undernutrition, low socio-economic status, older age, male sex, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, and severe psychiatric illnesses (1-3). The required daily intake for vitamin C is ~60 mg, and this amount of vitamin C can be found in only one medium-sized orange. For this reason, the disease is rarely encountered in developed countries and is often underrecognized by healthcare personnel. Here-in, we present an illustrative case of scurvy in order to raise the awareness of this disorder
Scurvy
Scurvy is a nutritional disorder which can develop
after prolonged (>1-3 months) severe vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is a cofactor in several enzyme reactions involved in collagen synthesis. The defect in collagen causes blood vessel fragility, poor wound healing, mucocutaneous bleedings, hair abnormalities, bone pains, and joint contractures due to perios-teal and intraarticular bleeding (1,2). Risk factors for scurvy development are undernutrition, low socio-economic status, older age, male sex, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, and severe psychiatric illnesses (1-3). The required daily intake for vitamin C is ~60 mg, and this amount of vitamin C can be found in only one medium-sized orange. For this reason, the disease is rarely encountered in developed countries and is often underrecognized by healthcare personnel. Here-in, we present an illustrative case of scurvy in order to raise the awareness of this disorder