10,559 research outputs found
Conditional Image-Text Embedding Networks
This paper presents an approach for grounding phrases in images which jointly
learns multiple text-conditioned embeddings in a single end-to-end model. In
order to differentiate text phrases into semantically distinct subspaces, we
propose a concept weight branch that automatically assigns phrases to
embeddings, whereas prior works predefine such assignments. Our proposed
solution simplifies the representation requirements for individual embeddings
and allows the underrepresented concepts to take advantage of the shared
representations before feeding them into concept-specific layers. Comprehensive
experiments verify the effectiveness of our approach across three phrase
grounding datasets, Flickr30K Entities, ReferIt Game, and Visual Genome, where
we obtain a (resp.) 4%, 3%, and 4% improvement in grounding performance over a
strong region-phrase embedding baseline.Comment: ECCV 2018 accepted pape
Circle packings and total geodesic curvatures in hyperbolic background geometry
In this paper, we study a new type of circle packings in hyperbolic
background geometry. Horocycles and hypercycles are also considered in this
packing. We give the existence and rigidity of this type of circle packing with
conical singularities in terms of the total geodesic curvature. Moreover, we
introduce the combinatorial curvature flow on surfaces to find the desired
circle packing with the prescribed total geodesic curvature
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in NdFeB as the origin of spin reorientation and rotating magnetocaloric effect
The mechanism of spin reorientation in NdFeB, which is a host
crystal of a well-known neodymium permanent magnet, is studied by combining
first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. The spin
reorientation is thought to be derived from crystal field effects and gets less
attention because of the undesirable property for hard magnet application.
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions are usually less attractive or often ignored
in rare-earth bulk systems, including permanent magnets such as
NdFeB since people believe that the magnetic anisotropy is more
dominant than the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. However, in this study,
we have found, for the first time, that the spin reorientation in
NdFeB is attributed to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. We have
found, furthermore, the spin reorientation in NdFeB yields a great
stage of rotating magnetocaloric effect at practical application level. We have
found that the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions definitely contributes to the
physical properties as a non-negligible effect in magnetic materials
Dipole: Diagnosis Prediction in Healthcare via Attention-based Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks
Predicting the future health information of patients from the historical
Electronic Health Records (EHR) is a core research task in the development of
personalized healthcare. Patient EHR data consist of sequences of visits over
time, where each visit contains multiple medical codes, including diagnosis,
medication, and procedure codes. The most important challenges for this task
are to model the temporality and high dimensionality of sequential EHR data and
to interpret the prediction results. Existing work solves this problem by
employing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to model EHR data and utilizing
simple attention mechanism to interpret the results. However, RNN-based
approaches suffer from the problem that the performance of RNNs drops when the
length of sequences is large, and the relationships between subsequent visits
are ignored by current RNN-based approaches. To address these issues, we
propose {\sf Dipole}, an end-to-end, simple and robust model for predicting
patients' future health information. Dipole employs bidirectional recurrent
neural networks to remember all the information of both the past visits and the
future visits, and it introduces three attention mechanisms to measure the
relationships of different visits for the prediction. With the attention
mechanisms, Dipole can interpret the prediction results effectively. Dipole
also allows us to interpret the learned medical code representations which are
confirmed positively by medical experts. Experimental results on two real world
EHR datasets show that the proposed Dipole can significantly improve the
prediction accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art diagnosis prediction
approaches and provide clinically meaningful interpretation
Improving Malware Detection By Parsing Broken Code
Spreadsheets, word processors, and other document editing applications enable users to write scripts or macros that automate a sequence of actions, e.g., keystrokes, mouse-clicks, etc. through code. Although macros can improve user efficiency by automating repetitive actions, executable code within a document can also potentially include malware. Macro-based malware is known to intentionally use broken syntax to bypass detection. This disclosure describes a parser that is resilient to syntax errors in code, and which can, by applying local corrections, continue to parse the rest of the code after encountering a parse error. Once corrected, the code can be subject to malware detection prior to or after translation into the target language
Cytotoxic effects of GM1 ganglioside and amyloid β-peptide on mouse embryonic neural stem cells
AD (Alzheimer’s disease) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. One of the pathological hallmarks of AD is the aggregation of extracellular Aβs (amyloid β-peptides) in senile plaques in the brain. The process could be initiated by seeding provided by an interaction between GM1 ganglioside and Aβs. Several reports have documented the bifunctional roles of Aβs in NSCs (neural stem cells), but the precise effects of GM1 and Aβ on NSCs have not yet been clarified. We evaluated the effect of GM1 and Aβ-(1–40) on mouse NECs (neuroepithelial cells), which are known to be rich in NSCs. No change of cell number was detected in NECs cultured in the presence of either GM1 or Aβ-(1–40). On the contrary, a decreased number of NECs were cultured in the presence of a combination of GM1 and Aβ-(1–40). The exogenously added GM1 and Aβ-(1–40) were confirmed to incorporate into NECs. The Ras–MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, important for cell proliferation, was intact in NECs simultaneously treated with GM1 and Aβ-(1–40), but caspase 3 was activated. NECs treated with GM1 and Aβ-(1–40) were positive in the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) assay, an indicator of cell death. It was found that GM1 and Aβ-(1–40) interacted in the presence of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, components of cell surface microdomains. The cytotoxic effect was found also in NSCs prepared via neurospheres. These results indicate that Aβ-(1–40) and GM1 co-operatively exert a cytotoxic effect on NSCs, likely via incorporation into NEC membranes, where they form a complex for the activation of cell death signalling
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect of CrI: A theoretical study
CrI is considered to be a promising candidate for spintronic devices
and data storage. We derived the Heisenberg Hamiltonian for CrI from
density functional calculations using the Liechtenstein formula. Moreover, the
Monte--Carlo simulations with the Sucksmith--Thompson method were performed to
analyze the effect of magnetic anisotropy energy on the thermodynamic
properties. Our method successfully reproduced the negative sign of isothermal
magnetic entropy changes when a magnetic field was applied along the hard
plane. We found that the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline
anisotropy energy is not negligible at temperatures slightly above the Curie
temperature. We clarified that the origin of this phenomenon is attributed to
anisotropic magnetic susceptibility and magnetization anisotropy. The
difference between the entropy change of the easy axis and the hard plane is
proportional to the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy,
implying that the anisotropic entropy term is the main source of the
temperature dependence of the free energy difference when magnetizing in a
specific direction other than the easy axis. We also investigated the magnetic
susceptibility that can be used for the characterization of the negative sign
of the entropy change in the case of a hard plane. The competition of
magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and external magnetic field at low
temperature and low magnetic field region causes a high magnetic susceptibility
as the fluctuation of magnetization. Meanwhile, the anisotropy energy is
suppressed at a sufficient magnetic field applied along the hard axis, the
magnetization is fully rotated to the direction of the external magnetic field
Effect of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on magnetocaloric properties of AlFeB compound
It is well known that the temperature dependence of the effective
magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy obeys the power law of
magnetization in the Callen-Callen theory. Therefore, according to the
Callen-Callen theory, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is assumed to be
zero at the critical temperature where the magnetization is approximately zero.
This study estimates the temperature dependence of the magnetocrystalline
anisotropy energy by integrating the magnetization versus magnetic field
(--) curves, and found that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is still
finite even above the Curie temperature in the uniaxial anisotropy, whereas
this does not appear in the cubic anisotropy case. The origin is the fast
reduction of the anisotropy field, which is the magnetic field required to
saturate the magnetization along the hard axis, in the case of cubic
anisotropy. Therefore, the magnetization anisotropy and anisotropic magnetic
susceptibility, those are the key factors of magnetic anisotropy, could not be
established in the case of cubic anisotropy. In addition, the effect of
magnetocrystalline anisotropy on magnetocaloric properties, as the difference
between the entropy change curves of AlFeB appears above the Curie
temperature, which is in good agreement with a previous experimental study.
This is proof of magnetic anisotropy at slightly above Curie temperature
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