Muscular variations in the gluteal region, the posterior compartment of the thigh and the Popliteal fossa: Report of 4 cases

During a study of the sciatic nerve by anatomical dissection in the anatomy laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS) of Bamako, 4 cases of muscle variations were observed in three male cadavers. The first case was the presence of an accessory femoral biceps muscle that originated on the fascia that covered the short head of the femoral biceps and ended on the head of the fibula joining the common tendon formed by the long and short head of the femoral biceps. The second case was the presence of an aberrant digastric muscle in the gluteal region and in the posterior compartment of the thigh. He had two bellies; the upper belly, considered as a piriform muscle accessory; the lower belly, considered a third head of the biceps femoral muscle; these two bellies were connected by a long tendon. The other two cases were the presence of third head of the gastrocnemius. These two cases were seen bilaterally in a cadaver. The anatomical variations of the hamstring muscles are rare and their knowledge is needed by radiologists and surgeons. The most common cause of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is the presence of a third head of the gastrocnemius muscle

Le noma (connaissances des professionnels de la santé bucco-dentaire à Bamako)

Introduction : Le noma, maladie disparue dans les pays du Nord, fait des ravages dans ceux du Sud dont le Mali. Le traitement précoce par antibiothérapie, soins locaux et la prise en charge des comorbidités fait chuter le taux de mortalité de 90% à 10%. Méthode : Il s agit de questionnaires distribués aux professionnels de la santé bucco-dentaire exerçant en libéral ou dans un établissement de santé à Bamako. L étude, réalisée de janvier à avril 2013 avait pour but de faire un état des lieux des connaissances de ces professionnels pour assurer la prévention et la prise en charge précoce du noma. Résultat : Ces professionnels ont globalement de bonnes connaissances sur le noma même si les connaissances sur la flore bactérienne restent disparates, traduisant le manque de certitude sur l agent causal (consensus pour une interaction bactérienne). Discussion : L insécurité régnante au moment de l étude (conflit du Nord-Mali) n a pas permis d inclure les professionnels dans les zones rurales. Conclusion : Il serait intéressant de mener également une étude auprès de la population pour comprendre sa perception de la maladie et les raisons de la consultation tardive d un professionnel pour tenter de mettre en place une stratégie de lutte efficace.Noma is a devastating disease that wreaks havoc in the South. It is a gangrenous affliction that destroys the soft and hard tissue of the face and affects exclusively young children from developing countries.The few patients who escape this pathology in the absence of early treatment (10%) keep very disabling sequelae, sometimes disfigurement resulting in social exclusion.The purpose of this study is to provide a state of the art knowledge of professional oral health in Bamako on noma. Questionnaires were sent to professionals ; data were collected in "R" and analyzed in Excel. It turns out that professionals generally have good knowledge on noma clinical standpoint, but this knowledge is less certain about the bacterial flora involved in the occurrence of noma. This reflects the state of current knowledge on the pathology about the disease because there 's no certainty about the causative agent or the exact circumstances of its occurrence although the risk factors are known (malnutrition and debitating diseases). Emphasis should be placed on prevention in countries where the population suffers from malnutrition and adverse health conditions. The implementation of information and awareness campaigns could help fight against social beliefs that may hamper the early management of the disease and reduce the social exclusion of children victimized twice. Prevention of noma also pass through improving oral hygiene, vaccination campaigns and the management of comorbidities.BORDEAUX2-BU Sci.Homme/Odontol. (330632102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Vector 3D Reconstruction of the Nerves of the Ventral Region of the Neck from Anatomical Sections of Korean Visible Human at the Laboratory of Digital Anatomy of Paris Descartes

Objective: To carry out a 3D vector reconstruction of the nerves of the ventral region of the neck from anatomical sections of the “Korean Visible Human” for educational purposes. Materials and Methods: The anatomical subject was a 33-year-old Korean man who died of leukemia. He was 164cm tall and weighed 55kgs. A cryomacrotome sectioned the frozen body into 5960 sections. Sections numbered 1500 to 2000 were used for this study. A segmentation by manual contouring of each nervous anatomical element of the ventral region of the neck was done using Winsurf version 3.5 software on a laptop PC running Windows 10 equipped with an 8 gigabyte RAM. Results: Our vector 3D model of nerves in the ventral neck region includes the brachial plexuses, vagus nerves, inferior and superior laryngeal nerves, glossopharyngeal nerves, hypoglossal nerves and spinal nerves. This vector model has been integrated into the Diva3d virtual dissection table. It was also uploaded to the Sketchfab website and 3D printed using an ENDER 3 printer. Conclusion: Our 3D reconstruction of the nerves of the ventral region of the neck is an educational tool for learning the nerves of the ventral region of the neck and can also serve as a 3D atlas for simulation purposes for training in therapeutic gestures