New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 157 (Not Published)

This version of New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 157 was never published since the grape variety was renamed. This variety was also called GR7, Rubiana and Geneva Red. This unpublished version is posted here for historical interest only. Please see the Bulletin Number 157 "Geneva Red" for an official description

New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 160

'Noiret' is a mid-season red wine grape suitable for the production of varietal wines. The distinctive red wine is rickly colored and has notes of green and black pepper along with raspberry, blackberry, and some mint aromas. A major distinguishing characteristic of this selection is the fine tannin structure that is complete from the front of the mouth to the back. The tannin structure and the absence of any hybrid aromas strongly distinguish this selection from other red hybrid grapes. The vine is moderately winter hardy and moderately resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis bunch rot

New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 161

'Valvin Muscat' is a mid-season white wine grape with a distinctive muscat flavor and no objectionable bitterness. It is suitable for the production of desirable highly aromatic varietal wines or for blending purposes. It is more winter hardy and disease resistant than muscat grapes that are pure V. vinifera

New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 157 Revised

'Geneva Red' ripens usually between mid-Sept and early Oct at Geneva, NY. Depending upon maturity and cropping level it makes medium to dark red wines. In warm years wines may have cherry or red berry aromas with some labrusca notes. In cool years, wines tend to have some vegetative or herbaceous aromas. Color intensity is almost as good as for Baco noir and better than other hybrid grapes like De Chaunac, etc. The wines usually have better tannin structure than wines made from Baco noir or De Chaunac. The naming process for this grape variety was problematic. It was also called GR7, Rubiana and Abundance

Identification of breeding signatures in grapevine hybrids, donors of resistances against downy and powdery mildew

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most valuable crops in the world, but has been often plagued by encountering new parasites that still represent a major constraint, such as downy (DM) and powdery (PM) mildew. Nowadays, growers are still obliged to recur to a massive use of pesticides to prevent serious yield loss. In consequence, the research applied to breeding for resistance and the deployment of new resistant grapevine varieties are strongly encouraged as a step towards sustainable agriculture. In this study, we focus on the genetic characterization of numerous Vitis hybrids, donors of resistance to DM and/or PM, in order to identify selection signatures. In particular, 86 hybrids of European origin and of 100 American hybrids, along with 30 related V. vinifera varieties, have been genotyped at 70 SSR loci. Based on the SSR profiles, the historical pedigree information has been checked and, following the trueness-to-type validation for most of the studied hybrids, the Identity By Descent (IBD) analysis has been performed, tracing the allelic flow through the successive generations. Here we report preliminary results about the identification of non-vinifera genomic intervals retained into the vinifera background. Subsequently, the genotyping analysis will be extended to the other 12 chromosomes (120 SSRs) and possibly to new crucial genotypes. The final result of this study will be the release of molecular markers valuable for grapevine Marker-Assisted Breeding (MAB) approach, upon their validation in ad hoc segregating population

Unravelling the knot of disease resistant hybrid kinship

Within the FEM grapevine breeding program, re-established in the middle ’80s, the selection process has been based on the major need for innovation raised by grapevine growers. During the past years, this request has been addressed to increase the complexity and the originality of wines, while in the last decade the need for new varieties resistant/tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses has emerged. In order to reach this goal, the germplasm collection has grown, increasing its number of acquisitions. In this work, 264 accessions acquired from European and non-European breeding programs or wild accessions collected in northeastern America were studied. Most were phenotyped for downy and powdery mildew resistance, while all were genetically characterized at 190 microsatellite markers well-scattered across the grapevine genome. Firstly, 9 reference markers were used for the true-to-type identification through international and private databases, where feasible. Secondly, in order to validate the available pedigree information and to infer new relationships, the 50 most informative microsatellite markers were chosen and analyzed with specialized software. Finally, the overall genetic material was divided into five classes: known and related (38%); unknown and related (21%); known and unrelated (10%); unknown and unrelated (23%); and redundant (8%). The unknown (related and unrelated) accessions hold great potential as exclusive genetic resources, mainly donors of disease resistance traits, and will provide preparatory information to prospective Marker-Assisted Breeding programs

Identification of breeding signatures in grapevine hybrids, donors of resistance to downy and powdery mildew

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most valuable crops in the world. The most studied and interesting traits are strictly related to quality and disease resistance. Viticulture has often been plagued by encounters with new parasites that still represent a major constraint. This is a particularly important issue because, even though some inter-specific varieties (hybrids) between V. vinifera and Vitis spp. are widely present, the majority of cultivated grapevines are pure V. vinifera varieties, which are highly susceptible to pathogen attack. Fungal diseases, such as downy (DM) and powdery (PM) mildew, represent some of the most severe plagues and growers are obliged to use pesticides to prevent serious yield loss. Fungicides represent in fact the majority of plant protection products employed and viticulture one of the most intensively cultivated crops in terms of chemical usage. As a consequence, the research applied to breeding for resistance and the deployment of new resistant grapevine varieties are strongly encouraged as a step towards sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, grapevine genetics and genomics information, together with the associated technologies, are rapidly developing, leading to numerous discoveries with potential application such as the genome sequencing. Despite these advances, traditional breeding approaches are still dominant, while Marker-Assisted Breeding (MAB) implementation has been minimal both at the national and international level. In this study we focus on the genetic characterization of numerous Vitis hybrids, donors of resistance to DM and/or PM, in order to identify selection signatures. In particular, 86 hybrids of European origin and of 100 American hybrids, along with 30 related V. vinifera varieties, have been genotyped at 70 SSR loci. These markers have been chosen based on their physical distance in order to have 10 SSRs well-scattered along each of the 7 chromosomes that carry Resistance Gene Analog (RGA) clusters according to the literature. Based on the SSR profiles, the historical pedigree information has been checked and, following the true-to-typeness validation for most of the studied hybrids, the Identity By Descent (IBD) analysis has been performed, tracing the allelic flow through the successive generations. Here we report preliminary results about the identification of non-vinifera genomic intervals retained into the vinifera background and the anchoring of the discovered breeding signatures to the grapevine genome. Subsequently, the genotyping analysis will be extended to the other 12 chromosomes (120 SSRs) and possibly to new crucial genotypes. The final result of this study will be the release of molecular markers valuable for grapevine MAB, upon their validation in ad hoc segregating population

INTRODUÇÃO DOS CULTIVARES DE UVA DE MESA "FANTASIA" E "RUIVA" NO BRASIL INTRODUCTION OF THE TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS "FANTASY SEEDLESS" AND "CRIMSON SEEDLESS" INTO BRAZIL

Fantasia' e `Ruiva' são dois cultivares de uva de mesa desenvolvidos pelo Departamento de Agricultura dos E.U.A., lançadas na Califórnia em 1989 e introduzidos no Brasil, no mesmo ano, pelos autores. No final do inverno de 1991, garfos dos dois cultivares foram enxertados sobre três diferentes porta-enxertos, a saber: Kober 5BB, Ripária do Traviú (106-8 Mgt) e IAC 766 `Campinas', no Centro Experimental de Campinas, do IAC. Garfos também foram distribuídos para alguns viticultores selecionados em diferentes regiões paulistas. Resultados de observações preliminares são apresentados. Para a familiarização pelos viticultores, bem como facilitar a pronúncia em português, os cultivares foram renomeados como sendo `Fantasia' para "Fantasy Seedless" e `Ruiva' para "Crimson Seedless". `Fantasia' é uma uva preta, de ciclo precoce a médio, com cachos médios (350-550g), de 13-20cm de comprimento e de compacidade média a solta. Os bagos são naturalmente grandes, apesar de apirenas, pesando em média 4-9g, com diâmetro de 17 a 22mm e 20-30mm de comprimento e ovais. `Ruiva' é uma uva avermelhada, de ciclo médio, com cachos médios a grandes (460-620g), com 18-30cm de comprimento e levemente compactos. Os bagos são naturalmente grandes, apesar de apirenas, pesando em média 3,5-8,0g, diâmetro de 16-21mm e 18-30mm de comprimento e cilíndricas a ovais. A duração do ciclo vegetativo (da poda à colheita) em Campinas, para ambos os cultivares foi aproximadamente o mesmo, independentemente do porta-enxerto utilizado. Por outro lado, o vigor, avaliado por intermédio do diâmetro do tronco e do peso de ramos podados, foi mais pronunciado para Ruiva enxertado sobre Kober 5BB. O comportamento de ambos cultivares em São Paulo, avaliado nas condições enunciadas, mostrou elevado potencial produtivo, aliado a excelentes características comerciais.<br>"Fantasy Seedless" and "Crimson Seedless" are two vinifera table grape cultivars released in 1989 by the USDA, Fresno, CA, USA, and introduced in Brazil by the authors. At the end of winter of 1991, cuttings of both cultivars were grafted on three different rootstocks at Campinas, SP, Brazil. Cuttings were also distributed for selected growers of various regions in the São Paulo State. Results of preliminary observations are presented here. "Fantasy Seedless" is an early to mid-season black seedless grape with cluster medium in size (350-550g), with a length of 13-20cm and a medium to loose compactness. The berries are naturally large, averaging 4-9g, 17-22mm in diameter, 20-30mm long, and are mostly oval. "Crimson Seedless" is a mid season red seedless grape with cluster medium in size (460-620g) and length (18-30cm), and are slightly compact. The berries are naturally large, averaging 3.5-8.0g, 16-21mm in diameter, 18-30mm long, and are cylindrical to oval in shape. The duration of the cycle (pruning to harvest) in Campinas, for both cultivars was about the same whether grafted on Kober 5BB, 106-8 Mgt or IAC 766, but vigor evaluated through trunk diameter and pruned weight, was higher for Crimson Seedless grafted on Kober 5BB. The performance of both cultivars in the São Paulo State showed that they can be commercially recommended. Both varieties were renamed in Portuguese as follows: Fantasia for "Fantasy Seedless" and Ruiva for "Crimson Seedless"