A 2-D oscillating flow analysis in Stirling engine heat exchangers

A two dimensional oscillating flow analysis was conducted, simulating the gas flow inside Stirling heat exchangers. Both laminar and turbulent oscillating pipe flow were investigated numerically for Re(max) = 1920 (Va = 80), 10800 (Va = 272), 19300 (Va = 272), and 60800 (Va = 126). The results are compared with experimental results of previous investigators. Also, predictions of the flow regime on present oscillating flow conditions were checked by comparing velocity amplitudes and phase differences with those from laminar theory and quasi-steady profile. A high Reynolds number k-epsilon turbulence model was used for turbulent oscillating pipe flow. Finally, performance evaluation of the K-epsilon model was made to explore the applicability of quasi-steady turbulent models to unsteady oscillating flow analysis

Pore size distribution and supercritical hydrogen adsorption in activated carbon fibers

Pore size distributions (PSD) and supercritical H_2 isotherms have been measured for two activated carbon fiber (ACF) samples. The surface area and the PSD both depend on the degree of activation to which the ACF has been exposed. The low-surface-area ACF has a narrow PSD centered at 0.5 nm, while the high-surface-area ACF has a broad distribution of pore widths between 0.5 and 2 nm. The H_2 adsorption enthalpy in the zero-coverage limit depends on the relative abundance of the smallest pores relative to the larger pores. Measurements of the H_2 isosteric adsorption enthalpy indicate the presence of energy heterogeneity in both ACF samples. Additional measurements on a microporous, coconut-derived activated carbon are presented for reference

On quantum error-correction by classical feedback in discrete time

We consider the problem of correcting the errors incurred from sending quantum information through a noisy quantum environment by using classical information obtained from a measurement on the environment. For discrete time Markovian evolutions, in the case of fixed measurement on the environment, we give criteria for quantum information to be perfectly corrigible and characterize the related feedback. Then we analyze the case when perfect correction is not possible and, in the qubit case, we find optimal feedback maximizing the channel fidelity.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, revtex

The Primary Spin-4 Casimir Operators in the Holographic SO(N) Coset Minimal Models

Starting from SO(N) current algebra, we construct two lowest primary higher spin-4 Casimir operators which are quartic in spin-1 fields. For N is odd, one of them corresponds to the current in the WB_{\frac{N-1}{2}} minimal model. For N is even, the other corresponds to the current in the WD_{\frac{N}{2}} minimal model. These primary higher spin currents, the generators of wedge subalgebra, are obtained from the operator product expansion of fermionic (or bosonic) primary spin-N/2 field with itself in each minimal model respectively. We obtain, indirectly, the three-point functions with two real scalars, in the large N 't Hooft limit, for all values of the 't Hooft coupling which should be dual to the three-point functions in the higher spin AdS_3 gravity with matter.Comment: 65 pages; present the main results only and to appear in JHEP where one can see the Appendi

Perturbation theory in radial quantization approach and the expectation values of exponential fields in sine-Gordon model

A perturbation theory for Massive Thirring Model (MTM) in radial quantization approach is developed. Investigation of the twisted sector in this theory allows us to calculate the vacuum expectation values of exponential fields $exp iaphi (0)$ of the sine-Gordon theory in first order over Massive Thirring Models coupling constant. It appears that the apparent difficulty in radial quantization of massive theories, namely the explicite ''time'' dependence of the Hamiltonian, may be successfully overcome. The result we have obtained agrees with the exact formula conjectured by Lukyanov and Zamolodchikov and coincides with the analogous calculations recently carried out in dual angular quantization approach by one of the authors.Comment: 16 pages, no figures, LaTe

Laminar/Turbulent Oscillating Flow in Circular Pipes

A two-dimensional oscillating flow analysis was conducted simulating the gas flow inside Stirling engine heat exchangers. Both laminar and turbulent oscillating pipe flow were investigated numerically for Remax = 1,920 (Va = 80), 10,800 (Va = 272), 19,300 (Va = 272), and 60,800 (Va = 126). The results are here compared with experimental results of previous investigators. Predictions of the flow regime on present oscillating flow conditions are also checked by comparing velocity amplitudes and phase difference with those from laminar theory and quasi-steady profile. A high Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model was used for turbulent oscillating pipe flow. Finally, the performance of the k-ε model was evaluated to explore the applicability of quasi-steady turbulent models to unsteady oscillating flow analysis