Reversing conditional orderings

We analyze some specific aspects concerning conditional orderings and relations among them. To this purpose we define a suitable concept of reversed conditional ordering and prove some related results. In particular we aim to compare the univariate stochastic orderings ≤ st, ≤ hr, and ≤ lr in terms of differences among different notions of conditional orderings. Some applications of our result to the analysis of positive dependence will be detailed. We concentrate attention to the case of a pair of scalar random variables X, Y ​. Suitable extensions to multivariate cases are possible

Optimal allocation of policy deductibles for exchangeable risks

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. Let X1,…,Xn be a set of n continuous and non-negative random variables, with log-concave joint density function f, faced by a person who seeks for an optimal deductible coverage for these n risks. Let d=(d1,…dn) and d∗=(d1∗,…dn∗) be two vectors of deductibles such that d∗ is majorized by d. It is shown that ∑i=1n(Xi∧di∗) is larger than ∑i=1n(Xi∧di) in stochastic dominance, provided f is exchangeable. As a result, the vector (∑i=1ndi,0,…,0) is an optimal allocation that maximizes the expected utility of the policyholder's wealth. It is proven that the same result remains to hold in some situations if we drop the assumption that f is log-concave.status: publishe

Clearance of Brucella with formulation rCagA, TN-OMPs & LPS in mice

The development of vaccines against Brucella is necessary. The formulations rCagA/OMP/LPS were evaluated against the clearance of Brucella. All of the mouse groups were immunized three times orally and followed two times by IM. Two weeks after the last immunization mice were challenged with B. abortus strain 544. Blood and spleen samples were collected from mice. Antigen-specific interleukine responses were measured in the spleen of immunized mice before and post-challenge by ELISA. Specific IgG1,2 isotopes were measured from sera before and after challenge. Sandwich ELISA assays were used to determine IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the supernatants of the splenocyte cells. Statistical analysis of IFN-γ titers indicated a significant difference between all groups with Mock (p = 0.00). However, there was no significant difference between other groups. Furthermore, the analysis of IL-10 titers had similar results. The statistical analysis for IL-4 showed a significant difference between rCagA with LPS-rCagA conjugate and LPS-rCagA+ CpG groups (p = 0.001). Statistical analysis between IFN-γ and IL-4 titers showed a significant difference among all groups (p = 0.00). Statistical analysis between IFN and IL-10 titers showed a significant difference among all groups (p = 0.00). Statistical analysis between IL-10 and IL-4 titers showed no significant difference in any group. Clearance finally was 7 log with OMP/rCagA against B. abortus strain 544. Immunization with the current combination was safe in animal models and was able to induce appropriate responses and also decrease Brucella colonization. © 202

Dispersive ordering of fail-safe systems with heterogeneous exponential components

p-larger order, Dispersive order, Hazard rate order, Likelihood ratio order, MRL order, Order statistics, Fail-safe systems, Proportional hazard rates model,