Prescribing pattern of drugs in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis at a tertiary care hospital

Background: CKD (chronic kidney disease) is a general term for heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney structure and its function. It is defined as either kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 or more months. Objective of present work is to study the drug utilization pattern in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: After taking the clearance and approval from the institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional prospective observational study conducted on chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis, in the department of nephrology, of Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. The data was analyzed descriptively.Results: Study included 52 patients, among them 41 males, 11were females, with a mean age of 47.6yrs. In our study large number pt were suffering from hypertension (HTN) 88.46% (46), in them the calcium channel blocker (CCB) 08.48% (38) was most commonly prescribed anti hypertensive drug. Around 1/3 of pt suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) 36.53% (19) most of these patients were treated with them treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), and less than half of pt treated with insulin01.56% (07). Other drugs like phosphate binders (calcium carbonate & acetate) used in 11.16% (50), aspirin in 08.70% (39), statins in 10.04% (45) pt were being most commonly prescribed drugs.  Totally 448 drugs were prescribed In 52 pts Ie about 8.61 drugs / prescription, showing poly pharmacy.Conclusions: Patients undergoing hemodialysis with CKD will be having multiple diseases associated, regular monitoring and counseling regarding these diseases and its complication may reduce the incidence of CKD and the mortality and morbidity associated. The poly pharmacy noted in the study found inevitable because of the multifactorial etiologiesinvolved and needful multi-interventional approach towards it

PSO Optimized CNN-SVM Architecture for Covid -19 Classification

This paper presents a hybrid model that utilizes PSO particle swarm optimization, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and (SVM) Support Vector Machine architecture for recognition of Covid19.The planned model extracts optimized structures with particle swarm optimization then passes to Convolution Neural Network for automatic feature extraction, while the SVM serves as a Multi classifier. The dataset comprises Covid 19, Pneumonia and Normal Chest X-Ray pictures used to hone and evaluate the suggested algorithm. The most distinct traits are automatically extracted by the algorithm from these photographs. Experimental results show that the suggested framework is effective, with an average recognition accuracy of 97.42%.The most successful SVM Kernel was RBF

Peak expiratory flow rate; the effect of smoking on younger & middle aged males

A total of 80 male subjects in age group of 20-50 years were selected for the purpose of the study. They were divided in two groups, smokers and non smokers. Each group subdivided into age groups of 20-35 and 36-50 yrs. The criteria for smoking was about 5-10 cigarettes per day since 6-12 months. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (P.E.F.R.) was determined by using Wright’s peak flow meter. The results showed that in Non-Smoker of age group 20-35 years, (n= 30) the mean PEFR value was 535±50 L/min, whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=15) the mean P.E.F.R value was 515±50 L/min. In Smokers of age group 20-35 years, (n=10) mean P.E.F.R. value was 374±128 L/min whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=25) mean P.E.F.R. value was 357±86 L/min. This shows that in smokers P.E.F.R. value is lower compared to Non-smokers in both age groups and that P.E.F.R. is lower in the elder age group in comparison to younger age group

Study on antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic wistar rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Recent animal and human studies have reported bromocriptine to be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was done to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Male wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups. Dexamethosone was used to induce hyperglycemia in group B-E. Group A was the untreated control group, group B was the standard control group, group C was the oral 10 mg/kg of bromocriptine dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group D was the oral 20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group E was the oral 10 mg/kg bromocriptine+20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline. Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose and body weight was estimated on day 1, 15, 30.Results: It was seen that dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and increase in body weight in male wistar rats, which were significantly controlled by oral bromocriptine and bromocriptine with metformin combination.Conclusions: Results obtained from this study showed that bromocriptine can be a promising drug with novel mechanism to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus

Recruitment of the Fouling Bivalve, Mytilopsis sallei (Recluz), on Metallic and Nonmetallic Surfaces at Visakhapatnam Harbor, India

In 1967, the dreissinid bivalve, Mytilopsis saUei (Recluz), was first noticed in Indian waters at the Southern Lighter Channel of Visakhapatnam harbor, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is believed that his species was introduced into the Indo-Pacific region from Central America via the Panama Canal and Fiji through ship foulin