Fruit crops: a summary of research, 1998

Pesticide deposition in orchards: effects of pesticide type, tree canopy, timing, cultivar, and leaf type / Franklin R. Hall, Jane A. Cooper, and David C. Ferree -- The influence of a synthetic foraging attractant, Bee-Scent™, on the number of honey bees visiting apple blossoms and on subsequent fruit production / James E. Tew and David C. Ferree -- The reliability of three traps vs. a single trap for determining population levels of codling moth in commercial northern Ohio apple orchards / Ted W. Gastier -- Evaluation of an empirical model for predicting sooty blotch and flyspeck of apples in Ohio / Michael A. Ellis, Laurence V. Madden, and L. Lee Wilson -- Influence of pesticides and water stress on photosynthesis and transpiration of apple / David C. Ferree, Franklin R. Hall, Charles R. Krause, Bruce R. Roberts, and Ross D. Brazee -- Influence of temporary bending and heading on branch development and flowering of vigorous young apple trees / David C. Ferree and John C. Schmid -- The effect of apple fruit bruising on total returns / Richard C. Funt, Ewen A. Cameron, and Nigel H. Banks -- Yield, berry quality, and economics of mechanical berry harvest in Ohio / Richard C. Funt, Thomas E. Wall, and Joseph C. Scheerens -- Monitoring flower thrips activities in strawberry fields at two Ohio locations / Roger N. Williams, M. Sean Ellis, Dan S. Fickle, and Carl M. Pelland -- Cluster thinning effects on fruit weight, juice quality, and fruit skin characteristics in 'Reliance' grapes / Yu Gao and Garth A. Cahoon -- Effects of various fungicide programs on powdery mildew control, percent berry sugar, yield, and vine vigor of 'Concord' grapes in Ohio / Michael A. Ellis, Laurence V. Madden, L. Lee Wilson, and Gregory R. Johns -- Influence of growth regulators, cropping, and number on replacement trunks of winter-injured 'Vidal Blanc' grapes / David C. Ferree, David M. Scurlock, and Rick Evans -- Effect of new herbicides on tissue-cultured black raspberry plants / Richard C. Funt, Thomas E. Wall, and B. Dale Stokes -- Investigating the relationship between vine vigor and berry set of field-grown 'Seyval Blanc' grapevines / Steven J. McArtney and David C. Ferree -- Summary of Ohio Fruit Growers Society apple cider competition, 1993-1997 / Winston Bash and Diane Mille

Variational approach to interreflection in color images

Interreflections affect the colors of surfaces as they appear in images. The light reflected by one surface that then impinges upon a second surface changes the color of the overall illumination that it receives and hence the color of the light that it reflects. Both the relative colors and positions of the two surfaces affect the result. We analyze the physics of the interreflection process and extract constraints on the possible surface reflectances, ambient illumination, and geometric configuration of the surfaces. By using the calculus of variations, a finite-dimensional model of reflectance, and a one-bounce model of interreflection, we express these constraints as a set of equations that are then solved for the surface spectral reflectance functions of the surfaces, the spectrum of the ambient illumination, and local interreflection factors related to the scene geometry. The interreflection factors express how the image is altered by interreflection effects and can be used to produce an image shaded as it would appear had there been no interreflection; the surface reflectance functions provide color constancy. Although it is more complex than some previous analyses of interreflection, the variational approach is more general and relaxes some restrictive assumptions concerning the type of illumination and the number of surfaces. 1

Prediciting Cone Quantum Catches Under Illumination Change

Given LMS cone quantum catches from a surface under a first illuminant what is the best method of predicting what the corresponding quantum catches will be for the same surface under a second illuminant given only the quantum catches of a white surface under both illuminants? The von Kries rule is one well known method. In this paper, two new prediction methods along with a variation on an existing third method are introduced and then compared experimentally. In contrast to the von Kries rule which is equivalent to a diagonal transformation, all three methods estimate a full 3-by-3 linear transformation mapping LMS values between illuminants. All the new methods perform better than the von Kries rule

Diagonal Transforms Suffice For Color Constancy:Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision

The main result is to show that under the conditions imposed by the Maloney-Wandell color constancy algorithm, color constancy can be expressed in terms of a simple independent adjustment of the sensor responses, so long as the sensor space is first transformed to a new basis. The overall goal is to present a theoretical analysis connecting many established theories of color constancy. For the case where surface reflectances are two-dimensional and illuminants are three-dimensional, it is proved that perfect color constancy can always be solved for by an independent adjustment of sensor responses, which means that the color constancy transform can be expressed as a diagonal matrix. In addition to purely theoretical arguments, results from simulations of diagonal-matrix-based color constancy, in which the spectra of real illuminants and reflectances along with the human cone sensitivity functions were used, are presented. The simulations demonstrate that when the cone sensor space is transformed to its new basis in the appropriate manner, a diagonal matrix supports close to optimal color constanc