First the forest: conservation, 'community' and 'participation' in South West Cameroon

Western concern with ‘conserving’ or ‘managing’ the rain forests of Africa has led to the setting up of a number of conservation projects. In such projects the ‘participation’ of the ‘community’ in forest conservation has become the new orthodoxy. However, proposals about local people's participation presume that defining the future of the forest is a straight contest between the alternatives of conservation or forest clearing. Such proposals also presume that the existence of communities is non-problematic. In contrast, this article documents that there is already considerable local debate about forest use and conservation, much of it among those excluded from the formal arena of politics and policy-making. Concern with ‘the environment’ includes concern about the perpetuation of society, and represents a clear continuation of West African village cosmologies focused on the societalisation of space. At the same time, conservation aims of ‘keeping the forest as it is’ have few resonances, since forest people see society itself as an artful, but often problematic, construction in which the conversion of the forest plays a central part. In conclusion, the article suggests that the key to environmental management must be for external agencies to articulate with the interests and values of those who hold a legitimate stake in African forest resources

Notes on nonabelian (0,2) theories and dualities

In this paper we explore basic aspects of nonabelian (0,2) GLSM's in two dimensions for unitary gauge groups, an arena that until recently has largely been unexplored. We begin by discussing general aspects of (0,2) theories, including checks of dynamical supersymmetry breaking, spectators and weak coupling limits, and also build some toy models of (0,2) theories for bundles on Grassmannians, which gives us an opportunity to relate physical anomalies and trace conditions to mathematical properties. We apply these ideas to study (0,2) theories on Pfaffians, applying recent perturbative constructions of Pfaffians of Jockers et al. We discuss how existing dualities in (2,2) nonabelian gauge theories have a simple mathematical understanding, and make predictions for additional dualities in (2,2) and (0,2) gauge theories. Finally, we outline how duality works in open strings in unitary gauge theories, and also describe why, in general terms, we expect analogous dualities in (0,2) theories to be comparatively rare.Comment: 93 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos fixe

Partially quenched chiral perturbation theory without Φ0\Phi_0

This paper completes the argument that lattice simulations of partially quenched QCD can provide quantitative information about QCD itself, with the aid of partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. A barrier to doing this has been the inclusion of $\Phi_0$, the partially quenched generalization of the $\eta'$, in previous calculations in the partially quenched effective theory. This invalidates the low energy perturbative expansion, gives rise to many new unknown parameters, and makes it impossible to reliably calculate the relation between the partially quenched theory and low energy QCD. We show that it is straightforward and natural to formulate partially quenched chiral perturbation theory without $\Phi_0$, and that the resulting theory contains the effective theory for QCD without the $\eta'$. We also show that previous results, obtained including $\Phi_0$, can be reinterpreted as applying to the theory without $\Phi_0$. We contrast the situation with that in the quenched effective theory, where we explain why it is necessary to include $\Phi_0$. We also compare the derivation of chiral perturbation theory in partially quenched QCD with the standard derivation in unquenched QCD. We find that the former cannot be justified as rigorously as the latter, because of the absence of a physical Hilbert space. Finally, we present an encouraging result: unphysical double poles in certain correlation functions in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory can be shown to be a property of the underlying theory, given only the symmetries and some plausible assumptions.Comment: 45 pages, no figure

Collaborative community care management enhancing homecare for people with advanced HIV disease: care planning between nursing and social care consultants, London, United Kingdom

Establishing, assessing and matching needs with available services and client expectations is the essence of joint community care planning, within the new United Kingdom legislation (1). Continuous audit and case review by two fieldworkers have described common themes and recurrent scenarios in community HIV care management within health and social care structures. This poster describes working scenarios, care management practice and care issues encountered by two HIV service consultants: Community Care Coordinator (CCC) and Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) within one inner London borough and the coterminous health district, respectively. The community care coordinator for HIV (CCC) within the Islington Neighbourhood Services department provides access to and advice about, the available social and housing services for people living with HIV-related disease. The postholder offers referral to other agencies, a dedicated casework service and an advisory role to field social workers, homecare organisers, community occupational therapists and various social services personnel. A specialist domiciliary home care team is available and operates within the borough's existing generic structure for domiciliary care. The clinical nurse specialist HIV/AIDS (CNS) within Camden and Islington Community Services NHS Trust, provides a consultant nursing service in association with and complimentary to, the existing generic nursing services. The postholder offers clinical support and advice to clients, health and social care professionals, in order to maximise the involvement of primary health care teams in homecare provision. Furthermore, education and training for health care professionals in clinical manifestations, intravenous therapy, treatments and psychosocial care is available within the CNS-led continuing education programme (2). Access to both postholders by field staff is increased through message pager aircall. CCC and CNS work jointly on casework, liaising with and working alongside their colleagues in health and social services structures to provide client care management (3). The case studies presented from monthly audit and case review are recurrent and typical of the workload together with the difficulties associated with trying to maintain quality care with cost-limited community resources, blending generic and specialist services for clients with HIV disease

Quantization of Fayet-Iliopoulos Parameters in Supergravity

In this short note we discuss quantization of the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter in supergravity theories. We argue that in supergravity, the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter determines a lift of the group action to a line bundle, and such lifts are quantized. Just as D-terms in rigid N=1 supersymmetry are interpreted in terms of moment maps and symplectic reductions, we argue that in supergravity the quantization of the Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter has a natural understanding in terms of linearizations in geometric invariant theory (GIT) quotients, the algebro-geometric version of symplectic quotients.Comment: 21 pages, utarticle class; v2: typos and tex issue fixe

Six Pillars of Social Policy: The State of Pensions and Health Care in Canada

William B.P. Robson, a co-author with David Slater of a series of papers on pension issues, has written an ambitious survey of the state of Canadian economic policy in the areas of pensions and health care. He argues that it is appropriate to tackle both issues in the same paper because they are both major spending programs strongly related to the life cycle of Canadians, and face challenges arising from the aging of the population. Robson notes that the pension debate uses the metaphor of three pillars to describe a comprehensive pension system: a safety net to guard against destitution in old age; a mandatory employment-related system to provide basic replacement income; and a voluntary system supported by provisions that reduce the double-taxation of saving. The main elements of public policy related to pensions in Canada cover these pillars. He recognizes that all three of the pillars cannot be directly applied to health care, but he argues that the three-pillar metaphor is still a fruitful perspective because it facilitates constructive responses to the pressures confronting Canada’s health system and illuminates interactions between the pension and health systems. Hence his title “six pillars of social policy”. Based on his examination of Canada’s pension and health-care systems, Robson makes a number of recommendations. First, he advocates more prefunding in both the pension and health areas to cover the future cost of the aging baby-boom cohort. Second, he recommends a gradual increase in the normal age of eligibility for pension benefits. Third, he recommends the creation of a second pillar, a mandatory contribution scheme in the health area as a way to avoid the development of a means-tested system that would exacerbate the disincentives to work and save. Fourth, he puts forward the idea of a new type of saving vehicle that provides tax-relief on distributions rather than on contributions so that Canadians can avoid the high marginal effective tax rates associated with means-tested programs.Health, Health Care, Health-care, Healthcare, Canada, Pensions, CPP, Retirement, Mandatory Contribution, Aging, Ageing

Science Notes - The Secret of Life

An eight-part public television series, The Secret of Life, will begin in fall 1993. Originating from WBGH-TV of Boston, this NOV A series will explore advances in the science of molecular biology. It will show how this new biology is transforming agriculture, industry, medicine and our perception of the world

Science Notes - Molecular Biology Enrichment for Youth

Molecular Biology Enrichment For Youth, a laboratory science program for students entering eighth or ninth grade, will be held June 19 through July 17, 1993, at Iowa State University