Spectrophotometric determination of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in wines by flow injection

Flow injection analysis (FIA) methods for the spectrophotometric determination of CO2 and SO2 in wines are described. The determination of CO2 is based on the colour change of a low capacity buffer (containing an acid-base indicator) due to the dissolved carbon dioxide. The determination of SO2 is based on the decoloration of malachite green by sulphur dioxide. Two FIA manifolds are presented; one for the determination of CO2 in sparkling wines and another for the simultaneous determination of CO2 and SO2 in table wines. The analytes are isolated inside the manifold from the sample matrix using gas-diffusion units. Regression equations (FIA versus reference methods) showed no statistical difference, at 95 % confidence level, between the two sets of results for both determinations; additionally, for the determination of CO2, recovery values between 93.5 % and 111 % were found. RSD lower than 4.5 % for SO2 and 2.4 % for the CO2 determination were found. The sampling rates achieved were: 30 h–1 for the uniparametric system and 40 h–1 for the biparametric system. The single determination manifold is applicable in the concentration ranges of 0.5 to 4 g L–1 of CO2, and the simultaneous determination manifold in the range of 0.25 to 3 g L–1 of CO2 and 0.05 to 0.3 g L–1 of SO

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHOLESTEROL BIOSENSING VIA P(SNS-NH 2 )/CHOX/[RU(BPY) 3 ] 2+ MODIFIED ELECTRODES

ABSTRACT Despite the numerous studies on photochemically induced electron transfer in proteins 1 , there is no precedence for the photonic wiring of redox enzymes with electrodes and their bioelectrocatalytic activation. The use of enzymes in fuel-generating solar cells has been discussed previously 2 . The electrical wiring of the enzymes in these systems was achieved, however, by applying natural cofactors (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) and their regeneration by photochemical means 3 . Also, the field of enzyme-based biofuel cells has been substantially advanced in the past decade, and numerous organic materials, such as alcohols, sugars, or ahydroxy acids, have been used as fuels for the biocatalyzed generation of electrical power in the presence of oxyge

The First 1 1/2 Years of TOTEM Roman Pot Operation at LHC

Since the LHC running season 2010, the TOTEM Roman Pots (RPs) are fully operational and serve for collecting elastic and diffractive proton-proton scattering data. Like for other moveable devices approaching the high intensity LHC beams, a reliable and precise control of the RP position is critical to machine protection. After a review of the RP movement control and position interlock system, the crucial task of alignment will be discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures; 2nd International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2011), San Sebastian, Spain; contribution MOPO01

Construction of plant transformation vectors carrying beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein gene (ii)- plant transformation

Fragments containing the coat protein gene of beet necrotic yellow vein virus were cloned in two plant transformation vectors: pCAMBIA3301M with the bar gene as selectable marker, and pCAMBIA1304M, with resistance to hygromycin. Three constructs were made of each vector: CPL, containing coat protein gene with leader sequence; CPS with coat protein gene, and CPSas with coat protein gene in antisense orientation. Vectors pC3301MCPL, pC3301MCPS. and pC3301MCPSas were used in Agrobacterium—mediated transformation of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Nicotiana excelsior and Nicotiana benthamiana. Regenerants that developed roots on selective media were tested for the presence of CP fragments and the bar gene, but most regenerants were nontransformed (50-83% escapes). After all rooted plants had been selfed, and T1 seed germinated on selective media, only plants descending from one N. excelsior regenerant transformed with pC3301MCPS were positive for presence of bar gene and CPS fragment. Tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana were transformed with constructs pC1304MCPS and pC1304MCPSas. Transformation efficiency was much higher and approximately 50% of regenerants that rooted on media with 20 mg l−1 hygromycin were positive for the presence of CP fragments. All T1 plants were positive for presence of CP fragments

<i>USP27X </i>variants underlying X-linked intellectual disability disrupt protein function via distinct mechanisms

Neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disability (ND/ID) are a heterogeneous group of diseases driving lifelong deficits in cognition and behavior with no definitive cure. X-linked intellectual disability disorder 105 (XLID105, #300984; OMIM) is a ND/ID driven by hemizygous variants in the USP27X gene encoding a protein deubiquitylase with a role in cell proliferation and neural development. Currently, only four genetically diagnosed individuals from two unrelated families have been described with limited clinical data. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the disorder are unknown. Here, we report 10 new XLID105 individuals from nine families and determine the impact of gene variants on USP27X protein function. Using a combination of clinical genetics, bioinformatics, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we determined that XLID105 variants alter USP27X protein biology via distinct mechanisms including changes in developmentally relevant protein-protein interactions and deubiquitylating activity. Our data better define the phenotypic spectrum of XLID105 and suggest that XLID105 is driven by USP27X functional disruption. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of XLID105 variants will provide molecular insight into USP27X biology and may create the potential for therapy development.</p