Status of Average-x from Lattice QCD

As algorithms and computing power have advanced, lattice QCD has become a precision technique for many QCD observables. However, the calculation of nucleon matrix elements remains an open challenge. I summarize the status of the lattice effort by examining one observable that has come to represent this challenge, average-x: the fraction of the nucleon's momentum carried by its quark constituents. Recent results confirm a long standing tendency to overshoot the experimentally measured value. Understanding this puzzle is essential to not only the lattice calculation of nucleon properties but also the broader effort to determine hadron structure from QCD.Comment: proceedings for 3rd International Workshop on Nucleon Structure at Large Bjorken

Understanding Parton Distributions from Lattice QCD

I examine the past lattice QCD calculations of three representative observables, the transverse quark distribution, momentum fraction, and axial charge, and emphasize the prospects for not only quantitative comparison with experiment but also qualitative understanding of QCD.Comment: Talk presented at 13th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 2005), Madison, Wisconsin, April 27 - May 1, 200

Large Hadron Collider constraints on a light baryon number violating sbottom coupling to a top and a light quark

We investigate a model of R-parity violating (RPV) supersymmetry in which the right-handed sbottom is the lightest supersymmetric particle, and a baryon number violating coupling involving a top is the only non-negligible RPV coupling. This model evades proton decay and flavour constraints. We consider in turn each of the couplings lambda"_{313} and lambda"_{323} as the only non-negligible RPV coupling, and we recast two recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) measurements and searches (CMS top transverse momentum p_T(t) spectrum and ATLAS multiple jet resonance search) in the form of constraints on the mass-coupling parameter planes. We delineate a large region in the parameter space of the mass of the sbottom (m_{b_R}) and the lambda"_{313} coupling that is ruled out by the measurements, as well as a smaller region in the parameter space of m_{b_R} and lambda"_{323}. A certain region of the m_{b_R}-lambda"_{313} parameter space was previously found to successfully explain the anomalously large ttbar forward backward asymmetry measured by Tevatron experiments. The entire region is excluded at the 95% CL by CMS measurements of the top p_T spectrum. We also present p_T(ttbar) distributions of the forward-backward asymmetry for this model.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures. v2 has minor corrections, in part due to extra diagrams at order alpha_s^2 lamba''^

Cooperon propagator description of high temperature superconductivity

A phenomenological description of the high-Tc superconductors based on the Cooperon propagator is presented. This model allows one to study the effects of local pairing correlations and long-range phase fluctuations on the same footing, both above and below Tc. Based on numerical calculations, it is shown that the two types of correlations contribute to the gap/pseudogap in the single-particle excitation spectra. The concourse of these two effects can induce low energy states, which should be observable in underdoped materials at very low temperature.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, 2 EPS figures; paper presented at New^3SC-3, Hawaii, 01/2001. To appear in Physica

Angular Momentum Decomposition for an Electron

We calculate the orbital angular momentum of the `quark' in the scalar diquark model as well as that of the electron in QED (to order $\alpha$). We compare the orbital angular momentum obtained from the Jaffe-Manohar decomposition to that obtained from the Ji relation and estimate the importance of the vector potential in the definition of orbital angular momentum

Approximate Degradable Quantum Channels

Degradable quantum channels are an important class of completely positive trace-preserving maps. Among other properties, they offer a single-letter formula for the quantum and the private classical capacity and are characterized by the fact that a complementary channel can be obtained from the channel by applying a degrading channel. In this work we introduce the concept of approximate degradable channels, which satisfy this condition up to some finite $\varepsilon\geq0$. That is, there exists a degrading channel which upon composition with the channel is $\varepsilon$-close in the diamond norm to the complementary channel. We show that for any fixed channel the smallest such $\varepsilon$ can be efficiently determined via a semidefinite program. Moreover, these approximate degradable channels also approximately inherit all other properties of degradable channels. As an application, we derive improved upper bounds to the quantum and private classical capacity for certain channels of interest in quantum communication.Comment: v3: minor changes, published version. v2: 21 pages, 2 figures, improved bounds on the capacity for approximate degradable channels based on [arXiv:1507.07775], an author adde