Trends, Challenges and Future of Library and Information Science Education in India

The technological revolution paved the challenges for the library and information science (LIS) school, not only in India but also in the west. Responsibilities of LIS departments and teachers are increasing to produce best LIS professionals to lead 'he 21st century librarianship. The major responsibility of the LIS departments in India is to groom LIS students in the philosophy. knowledge.and professional values of librariansnip, as practiced in libraries and in other contexts. and as guided by the vision of the 21st century librarianship. LIS education and training facilities in India are undergoing rapid changes. During the past 10 years. the number of library schools/departments has grown sut stantially, both for regular anddistance education programmes. Reorientation has been common in most LIS departments, and review and revision in curriculum has also been noticed. The quality of LIS educators has also improved and research output is experiencing new dimensions. Increase in the use and access to information and communication technologies (leT) for LIS education is now more evident. This paper discusses the challenges LIS education faces in the 21st century and how to make LIS education more relevant and effective

A Study on Strengthening the Operational Efficiency of Dairy Supply Chain in Tamilnadu, India

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to study the issues in improving the operational efficiency of the dairy supply chain in Tamil Nadu, India. Dairy Farming is a major occupation of the people of Tamil Nadu, India and it contributes a significant amount to the growth of our country. In this paper, Tamil Nadu dairy development department's objectives and its three-tier structure were studied. Through SWOT analysis its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were analyzed. In our study Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers Federation is compared with Gujarat Cooperative Milk Producers Federation (AMUL). The major issues influencing the dairy farming are studied through literature survey, field study and researchers experience. They are presented in this paper. There were three major important field studies conducted at various time periods. The data has been collected through a questionnaire method and these interactions were recorded by a video camera. Based on the research work carried out on dairy supply chain in Tamil Nadu, India, some key recommendations are made for the attention of policy makers to strengthen the operational efficiency. There are five areas of focus. They are, creation of special dairy zone, implementing dynamic milk procurement method, strengthening cooperative societies, creation of feed bank and increasing fodder productivity, integrated animal health plan and information technology

Cadmium Induced Metallothionein Synthesis in Liver of Oreochromis niloticus [Linnaeus, 1758]

Objective(s):Metallothionein (MT) are potential biomarkers that reflect the presence of heavy metals in the ecosystem/food chain.  Their synthesis has been observed to be elevated after heavy metal exposure in aquatic organisms. OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (O. niloticus) is a globally important aquaculture species. Hence the objective of this study was to determine the Cadmium (Cd) levels and MT induction in liver tissue of O. niloticus, to study the relationship between tissue-specific Cd accumulation and MT induction and hence correlate MTs protective role against Cadmium Method(s): Cd accumulation and MT induction levels were determined according to the methods of Ma et al., 2007. Cd concentration was determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Optima-5300 DV). Findings: At specific sub lethal Cadmium exposure, w.r.t time, MT induction levels were found to be increase correspondingly to Cd levels in liver tissue. The accumulation of Cd levels in liver tissue is seen to be time and dose dependent. A positive correlation between MT induction and Cd accumulation was observed. The results suggest that MT in the liver could play a role in trapping and binding Cd and its subsequent elimination. Hence, the present investigation reveals that heavy metal induced MT levels can be considered as a biomarker for waterborne Cd contamination. A positive correlation between cadmium accumulation and MT synthesis in the liver tissue of the experimental animal is an indicator of the role of MT in heavy metal sequestration and adaptation to heavy metal contaminated ecosystems. Novelty: The results suggest that MT in the liver could play an important role by binding to Cd and its subsequent elimination. Hence, the present investigation reveals that heavy metal induced MT levels can be considered as a biomarker for waterborne Cd contamination. &nbsp

Detection and localization of cotton based on deep neural networks

Cotton detection is the localization and identification of the cotton in an image. It has a wide application in robot harvesting.  Various modern algorithms use deep learning techniques for detection of fruits/flowers. As per the survey, the topics travelled include numerous algorithms used, and accuracy obtained on using those algorithms on their data set. The limitations and the advantages in each paper, are also discussed. This paper focuses on various fruit detection algorithms- the Faster RCNN, the RCNN, YOLO. Ultimately, a rigorous survey of many papers related to the detection of objects like fruits/flowers, analysis of the assets and faintness of each paper leads us to understanding the techniques and purpose of algorithms. &nbsp

Isolate, Purify And Characterise Metallothionein From The Hepatic Cells Of Oreochromis Niloticus [ Linnaeus, 1758]

Objective(s): The present study intends to isolate and purify Metallothionein extracted from the liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to Cadmium. Study of MT will help to know its protective role against Cadmium Method(s): Acclimatised fishes were treated with sub - lethal concentration of Cadmium to induce the synthesis of Metallothionein. MT was isolated and purified from fish liver by affinity chromatography from differential distribution (3KD – 43KD) across eluted fractions. Molecular weight of the purified elute was analysed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting and confirmed to be Metallothionein. Findings: Different elute fractions were obtained from the MT specific Affinity Column chromatography. At each fraction-by-fraction purification led to obtaining a single band in the seventh elute fraction. This single band was analysed using MALDI-TOF. Trypsin digestion produced a fragmented peptide mass spectrum. The mass spectrogram revealed a single peak, indicating purified MT protein with a molecular weight of 6140.52 Daltons (~6.2 kDa). The finding contributes valuable insights into Metallothionein structure and properties, and understanding its role in metal detoxification and stress regulating cellular processes. Novelty: Molecular weight of the Metallothionein from liver tissue of Oreochromis niloticus was found using MALDI-TOF. This method is a simple way to isolate and purify low molecular weight protein like MT. &nbsp

Determination of thermal constant and development threshold of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua Walker

Effect of six constant temperatures viz., 18±1, 21±1, 24±1, 27±1, 30±1 and 33±10C was studied on the egg hatchability, larval pupal development and adult survival of Spilarctia obliqua. Development rate of egg, larva and pupa gradually increased with increase in temperature, while total developmental period decreased. Mean developmental period of the pest decreased from 93.73 days at 18±10C to 31.20 at 33±10C. The lowest and the highest temperatures at which no development took place were found to be 12±10C and 39±10C, respectively. Regression equations between development rate and temperature were found to be Y= 0.0189 X -0.1998 (R2=0.88) for egg, Y=0.00122 X -0.0248 (R2=0.84) for small larva (1-3rd instar), Y=0.0058 X -0.0675 (R2=0.76) for large larva (4-6th instar), Y=0.0074 X-0.1075 (R2=0.94) for pupa and Y=0.0142 X-0.4363 (R2=0.79) for adults. Developmental threshold were determined to be 10.57, 11.27, 11.55, 15.28 and 10.92oC for egg, small larva, large larva, pupa, and adult respectively with corresponding thermal constant being 52.91, 344.82, 243.90, 142.85 and 70.42 degree days (DD). Thermal constant to complete a generation was found to be 854.90 DD. This was the first studies on this aspects, these estimated thermal thresholds and degree days could be used to predict the S. obliqua activity in the field for their effective management through pest forecasting

Prediction Evaluation of Gene Ontology Using Support Vector Machine

The present state of sequenced programs requires the assignment of gene product functions in a timely, accurate and trustworthy manner. Many approaches to large-scale label designs have been developed. On the other hand, these approaches can only be used on a limited number of sub-sets. Their conclusions are not formalized. On the other hand, such approaches can only be used on a limited number of subsets, as their conclusions are not standardized. Annotation was supplied using Gene Ontology (GO) or categorization of valid or incorrect prediction using Support Vector Machines (SVM). A large database was used to assess the system's overall effectiveness. Reliability prediction was cross-validated organization by organization, yielding an average accuracy of 74% of all test cycles and 80%. The verification results revealed that the predictive efficacy was not dependent on the micro-organism because it could duplicate the high-quality automatic manual annotation. We used our trained categorization method to annotate Xenopuslaevis sequences, and greater than half of the known expressed genome was functionally annotated. We gave more than double the number of contigs with excellent annotations of high brightness compared to the already accessible annotations, and we also allocated a confidence score to each anticipated Gene Ontology (GO)

Megakaryoblastic Termination of Myeloproliferative Disorders

Megakaryoblastic termination of myeloproliferative disorders is rare. The morphology of megakaryoblastic transformation can be subtle and is often mistaken for myeloid or lymphoid proliferations. Previously reported observations suggest a relatively poor prognosis for this category of patients, making precise diagnosis imperative. A multifaceted approach using morphology, ultrastructure, cytochemistry, and immunological membrane analysis may be helpful. We present two cases of myeloproliferative disorder with aggressive megakaryoblastic phases (myelofibrosis with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and chronic myeloid leukemia with blast crisis). The clinical course is described and the results of the morphological, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic studies of both cases are presented. In addition, immunochemical studies (flow cytometry) and platelet function studies (aggregation, heta-thromboglobulin, and platelet factor IV release) were done for one of these patients