The late-time development of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

Measurements have been made of the growth by the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of nominally single-scale perturbations on an air/sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) interface in a large shock tube. An approximately sinusoidal shape is given to the interface by a wire mesh which supports a polymeric membrane separating the air from the SF6. A single shock wave incident on the interface induces motion by the baroclinic mechanism of vorticity generation. The visual thickness delta of the interface is measured from schlieren photographs obtained singly in each run and in high-speed motion pictures. Data are presented for delta at times considerably larger than previously reported, and they are tested for self-similarity including independence of initial conditions. Four different initial amplitude/wavelength combinations at one incident shock strength are used to determine the scaling of the data. It is found that the growth rate decreases rapidly with time, ddelta/dt[proportional]t–p (i.e., delta[proportional]t1–p), where 0.67<~p<~0.74 and that a small dependence on the initial wavelength lambda0 persists to large time. The larger value of the power law exponent agrees with the result of the late-time-decay similarity law of Huang and Leonard [Phys. Fluids 6, 3765–3775 (1994)]. The influence of the wire mesh and membrane on the mixing process is assessed

Investigating Open Issues in Swarm Intelligence for Mitigating Security Threats in MANET

The area of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has being a demanded topic of research for more than a decade because of its attractive communication features associated with various issues. This paper primarily discusses on the security issues, which has been still unsolved after abundant research work. The paper basically stresses on the potential features of Swarm Intelligence (SI) and its associated techniques to mitigate the security issues. Majority of the previous researches based on SI has used Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) or Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) extensively. Elaborated discussion on SI with respect to trust management, authentication, and attack models are made with support of some of the recent studies done in same area. The paper finally concludes by discussing the open issues and problem identification of the review

PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF RASA BHASMA

The traditional use of Ayurvedic formulations is a widely accepted therapeutic option especially in chronic diseases. The quality of Bhasma depends on the manufacturing procedures and dosage schedule mentioned as per the classical texts. The Ayurvedic formulations are being considered as therapeutic potential agent as they have been evaluated based on experimental analysis. However for global acceptance the safety is a concern, the WHO has recognized Ayurveda as a part of integrated system of medicine. In view of developments an investigation is undertaken to evaluate the safety of a Bhasma. Rasa Bhasma, an organo-metallic compound is one such compound described in Rasashastra for treating acute and chronic diseases. It is prepared in several steps, which increases its therapeutic potential and eliminates its metallic toxicity. Among the various Bhasma preparations a popularly recommended and used formulation of Rasa Bhasma was selected for the toxicology study. In the present investigation it is proposed to undertake a short (acute) term pre clinical acute toxicity test on Rats, to obtain the safety profile. The proposed experiment has been under taken after taking the approval of Institutional Approval Ethical Committee, SIPRA Labs to conduct the experiment at their centre. Acute toxicity study on 15 Wistar Rats, have been randomizingly selected and divided into two groups to receive the test compound in a vehicle and identified as a TD and a vehicle group to receive Honey, Water for a period of 7 days and identified as VC. 8 (3VC+5TD) animals after 48 hours and remaining 7 (2VC+5TD) animals after 7 days were subjected for clinical haematology, chemistry and necropsy observation. After 7 days of exposure to the test compound of recommended therapeutic dose, no significant changes in haematological parameters &amp; clinical chemistry parameters were found. No Pre-terminal deaths occurred in rats, which received test compound at therapeutic dose levels. No abnormalities in physical, physiological, clinical chemistry, hematological parameters and no gross necropsy changes were observed on administration (oral) of test compound prepared according to the classical literature. At this level of study, it may be concluded that Rasa Bhasma is safe as per toxicological study and can be subjected for further study of clinical evaluation

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME MULTITASKING MICROKERNEL BASED ON ARM7TDMI FOR INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION.

A real-time microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement a real-time operating system. Real-time systems are those systems whose response is deterministic in time. In our research a 32-task Real Time Microkernel is designed using which multi tasking can be done on the targeted processor ARM7TDMI. Two sets of functions are developed in this research work. First one is Operating System functions and second is application functions. Operating System functions are mainly for carrying out task creation, multi-tasking, scheduling, context switching and Inter task communication. The process of scheduling and switching the CPU (Central Processing Unit) between several tasks is illustrated in this paper. The number of application functions can vary between 1 to 32. Each of these application functions is created as a task by the microkernel and scheduled by the pre-emptive priority scheduler. Multi tasking of these application tasks is demonstrated in this paper

Efficient Retrieval of Web Services Using Prioritization and Clustering

WEB services are software entities that have a well defined interface and perform a specific task. Typical examples include services returning information to the user, such as news or weather forecast services. A web service is formally described in a standardized language (WSDL). The service description may include the parameters associated with web services like input , output and quality of service. As web services and service providers proliferate, there will be a large number of candidate, and likely competing, services for fulfilling a desired task. Hence, effective service discovery mechanisms are required for identifying and retrieving the most appropriate services. The main contributions of our paper are summarized as follows; we propose and implement a method for determining dominance relationships among service advertisements that simultaneously takes into consideration multiple PDM criteria. We introduce a method for prioritization and clustering web services based on similarity measures using efficient algorithms Keywords : Web Service , PDM , dominance score ,TKDD, clustering

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage as presenting syndrome of HIV disease

Pulmonary hemorrhage is infrequently encountered in pediatrics. It can occur in isolation or in association with an underlying condition. We report a case of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage as a presenting syndrome of HIV disease

Acute metheamoglobinemia due to nitrobenzene poisoning: Case series

Nitrobenzene is a nitrite compound; its toxic effects are due to its ability to convert hemoglobin to\ud methaemoglobin by oxidizing iron. The clinical features of nitrobenzene poisoning vary based on the\ud concentration of methaemoglobin in blood. Immediate identification based on clinical features, odour of the\ud compound with supporting evidence of increased methaemoglobin levels will help in a timely intervention thus\ud preventing fatal outcome. Early haemodynamic and ventilator support along with administration of methylene\ud blue as an antidote has been proved crucial in saving some lives. An acute nitrobenzene poisoning presenting with\ud methaemoglobinemia is becoming quite common in this part of the country. Here authorsreport a series of cases\ud of nitrobenzene poisoning where immediate clinical evaluation, with repeated intravenous methylene blue saved\ud three patients, but two patients presenting late and with heavy exposure could not be save

A Comprehensive Review of Leap Motion Controller-based Hand Gesture Datasets

This paper comprehensively reviews hand gesture datasets based on Ultraleap's leap motion controller, a popular device for capturing and tracking hand gestures in real-time. The aim is to offer researchers and practitioners a valuable resource for developing and evaluating gesture recognition algorithms. The review compares various datasets found in the literature, considering factors such as target domain, dataset size, gesture diversity, subject numbers, and data modality. The strengths and limitations of each dataset are discussed, along with the applications and research areas in which they have been utilized. An experimental evaluation of the leap motion controller 2 device is conducted to assess its capabilities in generating gesture data for various applications, specifically focusing on touchless interactive systems and virtual reality. This review serves as a roadmap for researchers, aiding them in selecting appropriate datasets for their specific gesture recognition tasks and advancing the field of hand gesture recognition using leap motion controller technology

Expectation of forward-backward rapidity correlations in p+pp+p collisions at the LHC energies

Forward-backward correlation strength ($b$) as a function of pesudorapidity intervals for experimental data from $p+\bar{p}$ non-singly diffractive collisions are compared to PYTHIA and PHOJET model calculations. The correlations are discussed as a function of rapidity window ($\Delta \eta$) symmetric about the central rapidity as well as rapidity window separated by a gap ($\eta_{gap}$) between forward and backward regions. While the correlations are observed to be independent of $\Delta \eta$, it is found to decrease with increase in $\eta_{gap}$. This reflects the role of short range correlations and justifies the use of $\eta_{gap}$ to obtain the accurate information about the physics of interest, the long range correlations. The experimental $b$ value shows a linear dependence on $\ln \sqrt{s}$ with the maximum value of unity being reached at $\sqrt{s}$ = 16 TeV, beyond the top LHC energy. However calculations from the PYTHIA and PHOJET models indicate a deviation from linear dependence on $\ln \sqrt{s}$ and saturation in the $b$ values being reached beyond $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8 TeV. Such a saturation in correlation values could have interesting physical interpretations related to clan structures in particle production. Strong forward-backward correlations are associated with cluster production in the collisions. The average number of charged particles to which the clusters fragments, called the cluster size, are found to also increase linearly with $\ln \sqrt{s}$ for both data and the models studied. The rate of increase in cluster size vs. $\ln \sqrt{s}$ from models studied are larger compared to those from the data and higher for PHOJET compared to PYTHIA. Our study indicates that the forward-backward measurements will provide a clear distinguishing observable for the models studied at LHC energies.Comment: 15 pages, 14 Figures, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics