Asymptomatic Proteinuria and Hematuria in School Going Children

Background: This study was undertaken because many cases of asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria are present in school children.Aims and Objectives:The study was under taken to evaluate asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria in 100 school children of both sexes from 6 to 15 years of age. Material and Methods: Samples were collected randomly from students of different classes at the Government Kannada Primary School, K H B Colony,Bijapur, Karnataka (India). The midstream urine sample was collected in a clean wide mouth jar,examined by dipsticks for proteinuria and hematuria by microscopy. Results:We found that asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria was more prevalent amongst the children between 10 to 13 years of age group with female predominance i.e.16% proteinuria and 5% of microscopic hematuria respectively. Conclusion:By this study we conclude that it would be possible to screen a large population of children for asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria at a relatively low cost

Cp2ZrCl2: AN EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOID DEHYDROSQUALENE SYNTHASE INHIBITING PYRANO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINEDIONES

Objectives: The present protocol deals with zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones through one-pot multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and barbituric acid at ambient temperature. All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, a molecular docking was carried out to reveal the atomic insights between synthesized compounds and carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX). Methods: All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by diffusion method. Antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and radical scavenging activity. A mixture of barbituric acid 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), benzaldehyde 3a (1 mmol), ethanol (5 mL), and Cp2ZrCl2 (5 mol %) was stirred at ambient temperature for specified time. After completion of reaction as indicated by thin-layer chromatography, the obtained crude product was filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Merck, 60–120 mesh) using ethyl acetate:pet. ether to afford pure product which was then characterized by spectroscopic methods such by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Results: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The results revealed that pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidinediones (4 a-k) displayed the zone of inhibition in the range of 3–13 mm. The most active compound 4b displayed largest zone of inhibition of 13 mm for Escherichia coli (NCIM-2832) and 9 mm for Bacillus subtilis (NCIM-2635). The antifungal and antioxidant activity of all synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones (4a-k) showed moderate to good activity. Molecular docking studies suggest that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase activity. Conclusion: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones display moderate to good antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. This molecular docking studies supported that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX)

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

A REVIEW DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BUMPER BEAM SYSTEM IN LOW SPEED FRONTAL IMPACT

Bumpers are structural components installed to reduce physical damage to the front and rear ends of a light/heavy motor vehicle from low-speed collisions. Damage and protection assessments are the commonly used design criteria in bumper design. For damage assessment, the relative displacements representing stiffness performance are examined and crash test will be done. The purpose of a crash analysis is to see how the car will behave in a frontal or rear collision. In this study impacts and collisions involving a car bumper beam model are simulated and analyzed using Ls-Dyna software. The bumper should support the mechanical components and the body. It must also withstand static and dynamic loads without undue deflection or distortion. The given model is tested under frontal collision conditions and the resultant deformation and von-Misses stresses are determined. The crash analysis simulation and results can be used to assess both the crashworthiness of current bumper and to investigate the ways to improve the design. Different cross section designs used to determine the performance of the bumper beam in crash test. The comparison of baseline design (C-section) with modified cross section designs of bumper beam are presented in the study. The suitable cross section is then suggested to improve the stiffness and crashworthiness of the beam. This type of study methods are an integral part of the design cycle and can reduce the need for costly destructive testing program

Malignant recurrent orbital solitary fibrous tumor

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of fibroblastic origin commonly occurring in pleura. It can occur at many extrapleural sites but is rare in orbit. Most cases are benign and recurrence is not unusual in the head and neck and orbit and is usually due to incomplete surgical excision. However, malignant transformation (MT) in orbital SFT is extremely unusual. We present a case of orbital SFT in adult male who developed recurrence with MT eight years after initial surgical excision. He underwent left orbital exenteration. The recurrent tumor revealed features of malignancy with areas exhibiting morphology typical of SFT. The immunochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of SFT with MT. The patient was given adjuvant radiation and was disease free for the last 18 months. Identification of malignancy in orbital SFT is important for the patient to receive appropriate postoperative treatment, as seen in the present case

A High-Performance SPWM Controller for Three-Phase UPS Systems Operating Under Highly Nonlinear Loads

The increased use of rectifiers in critical loads employed by the information technologies, and medical and military equipment mandate the design of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) with high-quality outputs. The highly nonlinear currents drawn especially by high-power single-phase rectifier loads greatly distort the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) outputs. The distorted uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) voltages cause generation of low dc voltage at the output of the rectifier loads, which causes high current flow, increased power losses, and possibly the malfunction of the critical load or the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). As a result, different harmonics mitigating techniques have gained a lot of attention. The main objective of this project is to develop simulation of a high-performance Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique based AC-DC converter system operating under highly nonlinear loads using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Here, controlled Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based AC-DC converter is used to supply the load instead of Diode or Thyristor Bridge. The pulse width modulationmethod is quite effective in controlling the root mean square (RMS) magnitude of the AC-DC converter output voltages and shape of input current

INSTANTANEOUSPOWERANDCURRENTSTRATEGIESFORCURRENTHARMONICSCANCELLATIONUSINGSHUNTACTIVEPOWERFILTERWITHPIANDFUZZYCONTROLLERS

In our day-to-day life, every load creates harmonics. The prevalent difficulties with harmonics arevoltage and current waveform distortions. In addition, electronic equipment like computers, battery chargers, electronic ballasts, variable frequency drives and switched mode power supply generate large amount of harmonics. Issues related to harmonics are of a greater concern because they can overheat the building wiring, cause nuisance tripping, overheat transformer units, and cause random end-user equipment failures. Thus power quality is becoming more and more serious with each passing day. As a result, active power filters (APFs) have gained a lot of attention due to their excellent harmonic compensation

OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Among many of their merits, loss reduction and voltage profile improvement can be the salient specifications of Distributed generations (DG). Non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of Distributed generations (DG) units may lead to increase losses, together with bad effect on voltage profile. Proper location of Distributed generations (DGs) in power systems is important for obtaining their maximum potential benefits. Distributed generation (DG) units reduce electric power losses and hence improve reliability and voltage profile. Determination of appropriate size and location of Distributed generation (DG) is important to maximize overall system efficiency