HPV imprints in western India: The overlooked criteria for cancer profiling

Background: In India, HPV infection detection for cancer-typing has been largely evaded. Especially, data on prevalence of HPV types other than the highly prevalent HPV 16 and 18 are lacking, particularly from the western region. Thus, present study aimed to evaluate prevalence of HPV strains in three most prevailing cancers in India i.e. cervical, oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Materials & methods: DNA was isolated from tissue samples of 400 cervical cancer cases, 127 oral cancer cases and 75 oropharyngeal cancer cases and endpoint PCR was performed using degenerative primers MY 09/11, GP 5+/6+ and CP I/II. TS-PCR was conducted to detect HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, 6 and 11. Results: Overall HPV infection was observed in 87% cases of cervical cancer, 12.5% of oral cancer and 26.7% of oropharyngeal cancer using degenerative primers. HPV 16 (72.5% in cervical cancer, 1.33% in oropharyngeal cancer), HPV 18 (14.8% in cervical cancer) and HPV 45 (2.3% in cervical cancer) were observed to be comparatively higher than the other HPV types. All the HPV types except HPV 11 were observed to be present in the studied cohort. HPV was also associated with younger age, well differentiated tumors with no lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Prominent prevalence of HPV infection was noted in studied population. The study represents need of awareness for HPV screening at clinical set-ups which will lead to upgraded profiling of cancers and better disease management. Moreover, current study provides supportive data for initiation of HPV vaccination programs in India

Multiobjective Fuzzy Linear Programming Under Uncertain Resource Parameters

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Modeling of wheat crop harvesting losses

Abstract: Recognition of effective factors and using suitable mechanism of crop harvesting can reduce seed losses to an acceptable amount.  To investigate wheat crop losses due to seed moisture content and the speed of combine harvester at seed harvest time, research was carried out in G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar in 2003.  This study included three seed moisture contents (10%, 15% and 20%) and three combine working speeds (1, 2 and 2.5 km/h) based on split plot by using a randomized block design with three replications.  Finally combine working speed of 1.5 km/h and 9.16% crop moisture content was suitable for harvesting wheat crop.  Stepwise regression technique was used to develop combine losses, seed breakage, performance and threshing efficiency models from field data.  The r2 value for seed breakage, performance efficiency and threshing efficiency were 0.888, 0.676 and 0.803, respectively.   Keywords: multiple regressions, plot combine harvester, stepwise regression, seed breakag

Study of effect of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on exercise induced changes in heart rate, blood pressure and peak expiratory flow rate in healthy human volunteers

Background: Beta blockers are known to cause attenuation of sympathetic stimulation mediated increase in cardiovascular parameters. Very few studies are available in Indian set-up comparing these changes between different beta blockers available in market. The objective of the study was to compare efficacy and safety of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on heart rare, blood pressure and airway resistance, both at rest and during exercise.Methods: A prospective interventional study was carried out involving 72 healthy volunteers in the clinical pharmacology laboratory. Participants were divided in three groups of 24 each and given single oral doses of propranolol 40 mg, Atenolol 50 mg and celiprolol 40 mg was given to the participants. Exercise given in the form of step ladder test and hand grip dynamometer and effect on the different parameters like HR, SBP, DBP and PEFR were recorded before and immediately after exercise and compared.Results: All the three drugs were effective in attenuating the exercise induced cardiovascular parameters (p 0.05). No adverse effects were reported in the study participants.Conclusions: All the three drugs are effective in attenuating cardiovascular changes after sympathetic stimulation like exercise and there was no significant difference among them

Changing trends in cesarean section: from 1950 to 2020

Caesarean section (C.S) is a part of the standard care in modern obstetrics. The indications for a caesarean section as an alternative to vaginal delivery have evolved over the centuries. Its practicality, disponibility, and apparent safety have placed caesarean section, a first-line procedure in many clinical scenarios. The awareness of perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with safety of caesarean, expert anaesthesia, potent antibiotics, blood transfusion facilities and better neonatal care have increased incidence of caesarean section very fast. Thus, there is fast, steady and definite rise in incidence of caesarean section everywhere. But the question is ‘Is a rising caesarean section rate is inevitable?’. Studies carried out to understand CS deliveries has adopted different framework. The issue treats elements of ethics in the medical profession, gender issues, choices of women, the quality of institutional services, etc. The findings of retrospective studies have suggested that the caesarean section rate could be reduced in certain categories. In this study, we discuss the various ways in which it can be achieved

Blast Valve Design and Related Studies : A Review

The protective structures required for performing critical operations are vulnerable to the blast and shock loads of advanced weapons. A blast valve is an important component of such structures for ventilation during normal conditions and for protection from blast/ shock during explosion. In this paper, various aspects of blast valve design and related studies are briefly reviewed. The concept and effects of blast wave, blast impact, numerical modelling and deformation of circular plate (one of the critical components of blast valve) have been discussed. The merits and demerits of sensing mechanisms viz. remote and direct sensing are discussed. The leakage of blast pressure during finite closing period of the valve (one of the critical problems) and the shock tube as a major experimental facility for testing of blast valves are briefly discussed

Weak-localization corrections to the conductivity of double quantum wells

The weak-localization contribution \delta\sigma(B) to the conductivity of a tunnel-coupled double-layer electron system is evaluated and its behavior in weak magnetic fields B perpendicular or parallel to the layers is examined. In a perpendicular field B, \delta \sigma(B) increases and remains dependent on tunneling as long as the magnetic field is smaller than \hbar/e D \tau_t, where D is the in-plane diffusion coefficient and \tau_t the interlayer tunneling time. If \tau_t is smaller than the inelastic scattering time, a parallel magnetic field also leads to a considerable increase of the concuctivity starting with a B**2 law and saturating at fields higher than \hbar/e Z (D \tau_t)**(1/2), where Z is the interlayer distance. In the limit of coherent tunneling, when \tau_t is comparable to elastic scattering time, \delta \sigma(B) differs from that of a single-layer system due to ensuing modifications of the diffusion coefficient. A possibility to probe the weak-localization effect in double-layer systems by the dependence of the conductivity on the gate-controlled level splitting is discussed.Comment: Text 18 pages in Latex/Revtex format, 4 Postscript figures. J. Phys.: CM,in pres