55 research outputs found
Quantum analysis of the nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator with injected signal
In this paper we study the nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator with
injected signal, both analytically and numerically. We develop a perturbation
approach which allows us to find approximate analytical solutions, starting
from the full equations of motion in the positive P-representation. We
demonstrate the regimes of validity of our approximations via comparison with
the full stochastic results. We and that, with reasonably low levels of
injected signal, the system allows for demonstrations of quantum entanglement
and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. In contrast to the normal optical
parametric oscillator operating below threshold, these features are
demonstrated with relatively intense felds.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure
Theoretical description of hydrogen bonding in oxalic acid dimer and trimer based on the combined extended-transition-state energy decomposition analysis and natural orbitals for chemical valence (ETS-NOCV)
In the present study we have analyzed hydrogen bonding in dimer and trimer of oxalic acid, based on a recently proposed charge and energy decomposition scheme (ETS-NOCV). In the case of a dimer, two conformations, α and β, were considered. The deformation density contributions originating from NOCV’s revealed that the formation of hydrogen bonding is associated with the electronic charge deformation in both the σ—(Δρσ) and π-networks (Δρπ). It was demonstrated that σ-donation is realized by electron transfer from the lone pair of oxygen on one monomer into the empty \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}\end{document} orbital of the second oxalic acid fragment. In addition, a covalent contribution is observed by the density transfer from hydrogen of H-O group in one oxalic acid monomer to the oxygen atom of the second fragment. The resonance assisted component (Δρπ), is based on the transfer of electron density from the π—orbital localized on the oxygen of OH on one oxalic acid monomer to the oxygen atom of the other fragment. ETS-NOCV allowed to conclude that the σ(O---HO) component is roughly eight times as important as π (RAHB) contribution in terms of energetic estimation. The electrostatic factor (ΔEelstat) is equally as important as orbital interaction term (ΔEorb). Finally, comparing β-dimer of oxalic acid with trimer we found practically no difference concerning each of the O---HO bonds, neither qualitative nor quantitative
Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses
Identification of electrical discharge forms, generated in insulating oil, using the optical spectrophotometry method
Gene for the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit protein of the marine chromophyte Olisthodiscus luteus is similar to that of a chemoautotrophic bacterium.
THE MAJOR INTRINSIC LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN OF Amphidinium: CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATION TO OTHER LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEINS
Three-dimensional model for the formation of longshore sand structures on the continental shelf
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