Template Matching Method for Recognition of Stone Inscripted Kannada Characters of Different Time Frames Based on Correlation Analysis

Stone inscripted literature speaks about the history, language of different regions of the world. Preservation of such document through digitalization process is become very important. To stop degradation and missing further, the analysis of the same will through light on historical events of that region. In this connection present work proposes a simple method of digitization using ordinary digital camera further, the pre-processing algorithm is implemented to enhance the image and improve the readability. Here it recognizes the Kannada characters based on template matching. In this method is normally implemented by first picking template and then it  call the search image, then by simply comparing the  template over each point in the search image and it calculate the sum of products between the coefficient. Based on this calculated product value it recognizes the character.  Cross correlation technique is implemented in matching the characters coefficient. Experimental results shows, it demonstrates relatively high accuracy in recognizing Stone inscriptions characters of both Hoysala, Ganga time frames and with better time efficiency when compared to previous methods. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i5.633

Mineral Characterisation of some Indian Phosphatic depo-sits and its influence on their processing problems

Phosphatic mineral deposits are extensively used in the manufacture of fertilisers which are so essential for agriculture and also in chemical and other industries. Phosphorus is widely dispersed in the earth's crust but it is most economically concentrated in the form of few mine-rals of which apatite and collophane are of commercial importance. The presence of these minerals are quite appreciable in many magnetite-quartzites, quartz-chlorite schists, rock phosphatic limestones. The naturel sources of phosphorus are phsophatic nodules and guano

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Urginea indica, a medicinal plant from diverse regions of south India.

Endophytic fungi isolated from four different populations of Urginea indica are reported in the present report,. The plants were collected from 4 dif erent localities which includes Seethampundi (Tamil Nadu), Yediyur (Karnataka), Allepy (Kerala) and Udupi (Karnataka). It is an important medicinal plant found distributed in India, Africa and Mediterrean regions and widely used for the treatment of Edema, Dropsy, Gout, Rheumatic pain, in treating cancer and as cardiac stimulant. Plant portions viz, pseudostem, outer sheat, inner leaf sheath and root parts were inoculated on potato dextrose agar medium amended with chloromphenicol. The presence of 12 endophytic fungi belonging to Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes were identified from U. indica by means of morphological and cultural features. Sterile forms were common to the host. A total of 6 fungal species viz. Acremonium, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Curvularia lunata, C. brachyspora, Penicillium species belonging to the class hypomycetes were identified. Collectotricum fulcatum, C.gleosporioides, Phoma spp, Lasidiploidea theobromae, Physilosticta belonging to the class coelomycetes and some sterile forms were recorded. The present study provided a clue that the existence of endophytic fungi in U. indica and it can be of great importance if further studies conducted on to elucidate their role in the host plant and for bio-prospecting

Knowledge, attitude and practices of postgraduates, interns and nurses, on adverse drug reaction reporting in a tertiary care hospital: a comparative study

Background: Pharmacovigilance is multidisciplinary field of the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The incidences of ADRs about 95% are undocumented worldwide. However, there is a lack of information on ADR burden in developing countries due to lack of resources, infrastructure, and expertise.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 90 staff nurses 90interns and 90 postgraduates. The validated questionnaire contained items to check knowledge including 7 questions, 9 questions to analyze attitude and 5 for practices. Comparison between knowledge, attitude and practice data obtained from resident doctors and nurses was performed using Chi square test.Results: A total of 270 healthcare professionals participated in the study. In our study the participants had good knowledge regarding the purpose of monitoring and reporting ADRs etc. The result shows that health care professionals felt reporting of ADRs is a professional obligation and all ADRs should be reported. There was no significant difference in the knowledge and attitude between interns and nurses but few questionnaires show significant variations between post graduate and staff nurse. The practice of ADR reporting was significantly higher in postgraduate compared to nurses.Conclusions: This study concluded that post graduate, intern and staff nurse had good knowledge and positive attitude towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, but unfortunately the actual practice of ADR reporting is still deficient among staff nurse and intern. This can be improved by adequate training and motivation

Hardware Circuit Implementation of Automatic Control of Static Var Compensator (SVC) using Micro Controller

The design, Fabrication of 1Kvar 1-phase fixed capacitor-thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) type SVC based on microcontroller have been developed in the laboratory for SMSL(Single Machine Single Load) Test System. The test system is setup in the laboratory with a 3-phase Synchronous Machine of 5kva capacity and a 1-phase Induction Motor of 1HP Rating. Brake test have been performed on the Induction Motor by taking the supply from one of the phases of Synchronous Generator. The bus voltage is fall down from 230 V to 195 V on Full Load. Automatic control circuit Hardware of this SVC have been designed and fabricated based on Microcontroller LPC 2148 chip, the most modern industrial controller. The same test system also has been tested with SVC automatic control circuit and experimental results have been presented in this paper. The P-V Curves of the SMSL Test system with and without SVC Control have been plotted which shows the effectiveness of Automatic control of SVC on Voltage Stability enhancement

KC Two-Way Clustering Algorithms For Multi-Child Semantic Maps In Image Mining

Image mining is now a thriving and expanding field of computer science research. Image mining is linked to the advancement of data mining in image preparation. Image mining is used to extract hidden information and in other situations where the photos do not clearly describe the situation. Image mining combines machine learning, data handling, application autonomy, and image preparation concepts. Semantic maps are used to visualize image data stored in image databases. We recommend using Multi-Child Semantic Maps to build semantic maps which fully display the image. In this study, we propose two path clustering on Multi-Child Semantic Maps (MCSM) using the K-C Means Clustering Algorithm, also known as the MCSMK-C algorithm. This algorithm causes image clustering and instructs the mining system to look at the image's top area. When mining, the MCSMK-C algorithm considers the X and Y coordinates. The system looks for groups by examining each object's territory in the database, and it saves a region if it contains more objects than the required number

Studies on seed-borne mycoflora and aflatoxin B1 contaminations in food based seed samples: Molecular detection of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and their management.

In the present study the mould incidence, ergosterol and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminations were evaluated in different food based seed samples viz., chickpea, cowpea, green gram, groundnut, Indian bean, maize, sorghum, soya bean and sunflower collected from different agro-climatic regions of Karnataka (India). The agar plate and standard blotter methods were employed for determination of the fungal incidence, and the ergosterol and AFB1 contents were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by TLC and spectrophotometric methods. For detection of aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus, the target gene specific primer aflR-F and aflR-R were used in PCR amplification. The antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some selected edible vegetable extracts were evaluated by measuring mycelial dry weight and AFB1 content. The results revealed that 15 diverse fungal species belonging to 11 genera were observed. Among the seed samples analyzed, the highest fungal incidence, ergosterol and AFB1 were observed in sorghum samples followed by maize and chickpea. The PCR amplification showed positive results only for aflatoxigenic isolates of A. flavus and no amplification was observed in nonaflatoxigenic isolates and A. flavus isolate-2 produced highest AFB1, showed 99 similarity with an authenticated aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolate emb|FN398161.1|. The aqueous extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus showed highest antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities. The results confirmed that the ergosterol and AFB1 contents were correlated with the percent mould incidences. © All Rights Reserved

Hydrolysis of proteinaceous tannery solid waste for the production of extracellular acidic protease by Selenomonas ruminantium

The objective of this study was to produce protease from Selenomonas ruminantium using animal fleshing (ANFL), an untanned tannery solid waste as the sole protein source. Optimization of the minimal medium composition for the production of protease was carried out by a statistical approach using response surface methodology (RSM) which includes the variables such as NH4Cl, K2HPO4, KH2PO4 and NaCl. The isolate was found to produce maximum protease at pH 6 and at a temperature of about 40°C. Protease was purified 56 fold with a total yield of 28.14%. The enzyme was found to be monomeric having a molecular weight around 53 kDa. The purified enzyme was stable at a pH of about 4 revealing its acid protease nature and was also found to be stable up to 40°C. The enzyme was activated by divalent cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by dithiothreitol (DTT), where the latter suggested its cysteine protease nature. The enzyme had good stability in the presence of non-ionic surfactants like tween 20, tween 40, tween 80 and triton X100 and also in the presence of solvents like methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. These characteristics reveal the potential of the enzyme for different industrial applications.Keywords: Acid protease, animal fleshing, optimization, response surface methodology (RSM), Selenomonas ruminantiu

Prediction Evaluation of Gene Ontology Using Support Vector Machine

The present state of sequenced programs requires the assignment of gene product functions in a timely, accurate and trustworthy manner. Many approaches to large-scale label designs have been developed. On the other hand, these approaches can only be used on a limited number of sub-sets. Their conclusions are not formalized. On the other hand, such approaches can only be used on a limited number of subsets, as their conclusions are not standardized. Annotation was supplied using Gene Ontology (GO) or categorization of valid or incorrect prediction using Support Vector Machines (SVM). A large database was used to assess the system's overall effectiveness. Reliability prediction was cross-validated organization by organization, yielding an average accuracy of 74% of all test cycles and 80%. The verification results revealed that the predictive efficacy was not dependent on the micro-organism because it could duplicate the high-quality automatic manual annotation. We used our trained categorization method to annotate Xenopuslaevis sequences, and greater than half of the known expressed genome was functionally annotated. We gave more than double the number of contigs with excellent annotations of high brightness compared to the already accessible annotations, and we also allocated a confidence score to each anticipated Gene Ontology (GO)

Magnetic Dynamics in Underdoped YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋ₓ: Direct Observation of a Superconducting Gap

Polarized and unpolarized triple-axis neutron measurements were performed on an underdoped crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x (x = 0.4 ± 0.02, Tc = 62.7 K). Our results indicate, contrary to earlier evidence, that the spin excitations in the superconducting state are essentially the same as those in the fully doped material except that the unusual 41 meV resonance is observed at 34.8 meV. The normal state spin excitations are characterized by a weakly energy-dependent continuum whose temperature dependence shows the clear signature of a superconducting gap at Tc. The enhancement at the resonance is accompanied by a suppression of magnetic fluctuations at both higher and lower energies