Neural Network Based Hurdle Avoidance System for Smart Vehicles

The structure of a self-ruling vehicle dependent on neural sophisticated network for route in obscure condition is proposed. The vehicle is equipped with an IR sensor for obstacle separation estimation, a GPS collector for goal data and heading position, L298 H-connect for driving the engines which runs the wheels; all interfaced to a controller unit. The smaller scale controller forms the data gained from the sensor and GPS to produce robot movement through neural based network. The neural network running inside the small scale controller is a multi-layer feed-forward network with back-engendering blunder calculation. The network is prepared disconnected with tangent-sigmoid and positive direct estimate as enactment work for neurons and is executed progressively with piecewise straight guess of tangent-sigmoid capacity. The programming of the miniaturized scale controller is finished by PIC C Compiler and the neural network is actualized utilizing MATLAB programming. Results have shown that up to twenty neurons can be actualized in shrouded layer with this method. The vehicle is tried with differing goal places in open air situations containing fixed as well as moving obstructions and is found to arrive at the set targets effectively and its yield exactness is about equivalent to that of the normal precision

The symptom and genetic diversity of cassava brown streak viruses infecting cassava in East Africa

The genetic and symptom diversity of six virus isolates causing cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) in the endemic (Kenya, Mozambique, and Tanzania) and the recently affected epidemic areas (Uganda) of eastern Africa was studied. Five cassava varieties; Albert, Colombian, Ebwanateraka, TMS60444 (all susceptible) and Kiroba (tolerant) were graft inoculated with each isolate. Based on a number of parameters including the severity of leaf and root symptoms, and the extent of virus transmission by grafting, the viruses were classified as either severe or relatively mild. These results were further confirmed by the mechanical inoculation of 13 herbaceous hosts in which the virulent isolates caused plant death in Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana whereas the milder isolates did not. Phylogenetic analysis of complete coat protein gene sequences of these isolates together with sequences obtained from 14 other field-collected samples from Kenya and Zanzibar, and reference sequences grouped them into two distinct clusters, representing the two species of cassava brown streak viruses. Put together, these results did not suggest the association of a hypervirulent form of the virus with the current CBSD epidemic in Uganda. Identification of the severe and milder isolates, however, has further implications for disease management and quarantine requirements

Configuring and Implementing IPS Solutions for IoT Devices using NST

The necessity to ensure that Internet of Things (IoT) networks are secure is one of the biggest issues that has arisen as a result of the growing demand for technology that uses the IoT. Considering how many gadgets are linked to the internet, safeguarding their networks is a growing worry. Due to the IoT's network's complexity and resource constraints, traditional intrusion detection systems encounter a number of problems. The main objectives of this project are to design, develop, and evaluate a hybrid level placement method for an IDS based on multi- agent systems, BC technology (Block-Chain), and DL algorithms (Deep Learning). The breakdown of data administration, data collection, analysis, and reaction into its component parts reveals the overall system design. The National Security Laboratory's knowledge discovery and data mining dataset is used to test the system as part of the validation procedure. These results demonstrate how deep learning algorithms are effective at identifying risks at the network and transport levels. The experiment shows that deep learning techniques function well when used to find intrusions in a network environment for the Internet of Things

Security in 5G Networks: A Systematic Analysis of High-Speed Data Connections

Maximum user systems on 5G networks will now not be consumer phones or computers, but IoT device. Via 2021, there might be about 30 billion such devices. The quantity of attacks on the IoT is growing. Device protection is terrible and malware distribution is without problems scalable. Protection has ended up the primary challenge in many telecommunications industries these days as risks may have high outcomes. especially, because the center and enable technologies might be related to the 5G network, the confidential information will pass at all layers in destiny Wi-Fi structures. Even with modern-day 4G networks, now not each operator succeeds in securely configuring the center network and protecting it from all angles. As SDN and NFV are carried out for network cutting in 5G, the administration will become even extra difficult. Flexibility in 5G networks comes at the fee of multiplied complexity and high bandwidth communication settings to monitor. 5G will offer broadband access anywhere, entertain better person mobility, and permit connectivity of a large number of devices in an ultra- reliable and low-priced manner. Furthermore, we present protection solutions to those demanding situations and future instructions for secure 5G systems

Effect of growth regulators and Physiological Gradients on the High frequency plant regeneration from the long-term callus cultures of different germplasms of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Callus cultures of rice were initiated from mature embryos of different cultivars on LS medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Increasing concentrations of 2,4-D and 2,4-5T also increased the frequency of callus initiation in all the cultivars tested. Of different cultivars, Tellahamsa was found to be superior for callus initiation. Genotypic differences for plant regeneration were also observed. Cultivar Tellahamsa showed the highest (65-75%) frequency of plant differentiation followed by DGWG, Yerragaluvadlu, Surekha, Basmati-370, Bala, Chakko amubi, Jaya and IR-8. Callus cultures of rice cultivar Bala grown on a shoot-forming medium (LS + 1 mg/L IAA + 4 mg/L KN + 2% sucrose) were exposed to gibberellic acid and abscisic acid for varying lengths of time and at different periods during culture. Gibberellic acid totally suppressed the organogenesis in callus cultures of rice. The results suggest that if the tissue accumulated sufficient gibberellic acid prior to the initiation of meristemoids and shoot primordia, repression of shoot formation occurred. This repression was not reversed by increasing the levels of IAA and KN in the medium, but abscisic acid could partially overcome the gibberellic acid repression of shoot formation in rice callus. It has been observed in rice that shoots usually emerge from the basal portions of callus. This observation suggested that perhaps physiological gradients of materials were operative during the organ initiation process. To test this hypothesis, starch content and the enzyme activity of malate dehydrogenase in upper and lower portions of shoot-forming and non-shoot-forming callus were determined. Starch began to accumulate in both upper and lower portions of the shoot forming tissues within 4 days of culture. The rate of accumulation however, was faster and more in the lower portion of the callus leading to a peak of accumulation on day 8 in culture, i.e., prior to shoot formation. Non-shoot-forming callus cultures accumulated little starch during the same period of culture. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity was examined in order to know the overall rate of respiration. In the upper segment of shoot-forming callus, the activity of MDH was very high by day 4 but declined continuously thereafter. The rate of activity of the enzyme was significantly higher beyond four days in culture in case of the lower portion of the shoot forming callus. Enzyme activity was lower in the non-shoot-forming portions (both upper and lower) of the callus. The higher rate of enzyme activity for the upper portion of the tissue could be attributed to increased oxygen availability. Thus, the evidence for the idea that concentrations of gradients or physiological gradients of substances into the callus tissue may be the operative factors promoting organ initiation in vitro is presented

Evaluation of triglyceride: HDL-C ratio and Non-HDL-C as harbingers of increased cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome is an aggregate of conditions that together increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidemia consisting of elevated triglyceride, decreased HDL, and altered triglyceride to high density lipoprotein- Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is useful in predicting cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance. The present study aimed to compile further evidence for clinical utility of TG/HDL-C ratio and Non HDL-C as simple, cost effective tools for early identification of cardiovascular disease risk in metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was carried out with hundred subjects. Fifty of these subjects were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; while other fifty were age and gender matched healthy control subjects.Results: The impact of cardiometabolic markers on metabolic syndrome was assessed separately in men and women by applying Mann Whitney ‘U’ test. Study showed highly significant increase in TG, HDL, TC/TG and TG/HDL-C ratio in women compared to men with p<0.01. The odds ratio of TG/HDL for women showed the highest ratio of 6, 95% CI (1.5225 to 23.6401) p=0.006 compared to men 4.9583, 95% CI (1.0088-24.3711), p=0.004.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TG/HDL-C ratio and Non HDL-C are strongly associated with metabolic syndrome in urban population. In comparison, TG/HDL-C is a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than non-HDL-C

Effect of botanicals and insecticides seed treatment and containers on seed longevity of black gram under natural ageing conditions

Good storage is the basic requirement in seed production programme as maintenance of high seed viability and vigour from harvest to planting is of utmost importance in a seed production programme. Therefore, inexpensive, simple and practicable technology to prolong the shelf life of seeds under ambient condition is immensely needed. Hence, an experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed treatment with neem oil, nimbicidin, emamectin benzoate 5 SG, deltamethrin 2.8 EC, novuluron EC on black gram seed quality under ambient conditions. The seeds without any seed treatment were included as control. The treated and untreated seeds were stored in cloth bag and polylined cloth bag. The results revealed that, botanicals and emamectin benzoate seed treatments were significantly superior in controlling the storage insect and maintaining higher seed quality up to 10 months of storage when compared to control. Among the chemicals, the emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 40 mg kg-1 of seed found better by recording significantly higher germination percentage (80.28), vigour index I (2124) and dry weight of seedlings (43.14 mg) and lower electrical conductivity (0.939 dSm-1) and seed damage (0.00 %) compared to control (78.78%, 2012, 38.90 mg, 0.942 dSm-1, respectively) at the end of 10th month of storage. The emamectin benzoate 5 SG and nimbicidintreated seeds stored in polylined cloth bags were considered as effective seed storage management approach in blackgram

Characterization of brown streak virus-resistant cassava

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has become a major constraint to cassava production in East and Central Africa. The identification of new sources of CBSD resistance is essential to deploy CBSD mitigation strategies as the disease is progressing westwards to new geographical areas. A stringent infection method based on top cleft grafting combined with precise virus titer quantitation was utilized to screen fourteen cassava cultivars and elite breeding lines. When inoculated with mixed infections of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV), the scions of elite breeding lines KBH 2006/18 and KBH 2006/26 remained symptom-free during a 16-week period of virus graft inoculation, while susceptible varieties displayed typical CBSD infection symptoms at 4 weeks after grafting. The identified CBSD resistance was stable under the co-inoculation of CBSV, UCBSV with cassava geminiviruses (CGMs). Double grafting experiments revealed that transmission of CBSV and UCBSV to CBSD susceptible top scions was delayed when using intermediate scions of elite breeding lines KBH 2006/18 and KBH 2006/26. Nonetheless, comparison of virus systemic movement using scions from KBH2006/18 and a transgenic CBSD resistant 60444 line (60444-Hp9 line) showed that both CBSV and UCBSV move at undetectable levels through the stems. Further, protoplast-based assays of virus titers over time showed that the replication of CBSVs is inhibited in the resistant line KBH2006/18, suggesting that the identified CBSD resistance is at least partially based on inhibition of virus replication. Our molecular characterization of CBSD resistance in cassava offers a robust virus–host system to further investigate the molecular determinants of CBSD resistance

Genetic diversity analysis in tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) germplasm lines

An experiment was conducted to examine the magnitude of genetic diversity and characters contributing to genetic diversity among 81 tossa jute genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean squared distances and ward’s method, the genotypes were grouped into ten distinct clusters. Analysis reveals that stick weight contributes maximum to the phenotypic diversity (65.52%) followed by green weight (13.64%) and fibre yield (10.10%). Among the clusters Cluster IX recorded highest mean fibre yield (19.91g) followed by Cluster VII (18.94g) and these clusters also recorded high mean values for plant height, basal diameter, green weight and stick weight. The highest inter- cluster distance was 186.80 (between clusters II and X) followed by 161.26 (between clusters IV and X), indicating the wide genetic diversity among these clusters. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster II (20.34) and the lowest in cluster X (3.17). The average inter-cluster distances were higher than the average intra-cluster distances, which shows the presence of wide genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters than those of the same cluster. The first two principal components, whose Eigen values are greater than one, accounted for 74% of the total variation among the five characters. The information obtained from diversity analysis is useful in planning further breeding programme for tossa jute improvement

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchial clustering in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for yield and yield attributing traits

Multivariate statistical analysis techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and heirarchial clustering were used to evaluate Genetic diversity among 246 genotypes of Tobacco for six major yield and yield-related traits. The hierarchial clustering indicated that all the genotypes were clustered into eight major groups. The cluster III had the maximum number of genotypes with highest intra cluster distance and cluster IV and VIII showed maximum inter cluster distance indicating that the characterized tobacco genotypes in these clusters has high potential for various breeding goals. Principal component analysis and genotype by trait biplot analysis showed that the first four components accounted for 94.75 per cent of the total variation, with principal component 1 (PC1) accounting for 55.96 per cent and PC2 for 20.97 per cent of the total variation. The high yielding genotypes with other yield attributes identified in this study would offer valuable genetic material for breeding elite tobacco varieties