Fall 1977

Municipal Golf Course Can be Profitable (page 3) An Overview of Nitrogen With Emphasis on Its Effects on Turfgrasses (7) The Ideal Par 3 Hole (11) UMass Turfgrass Research Fund (20

A case of non-HPV related primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix

© 2020 Objective: Primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare subtype of adenocarcinoma that has often been misclassified in the literature due to the lack of clear-cut diagnostic criteria. A new classification system has recently been developed that aims to provide clarity and reproducibility when diagnosing subtypes of endocervical adenocarcinoma. This case report demonstrates the difficulty in diagnosing primary endometroid adenocarcinoma, application of the new diagnostic guidelines, and a review of the literature of this rare non-HPV subtype. Case: A 76 year-old women presented with postmenopausal bleeding and was found to have an exophytic cervical mass. Biopsies showed an adenocarcinoma of probable endometrial origin. She underwent a robotic-assisted simple hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node sampling and omental biopsy. Final pathology report demonstrated a primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix, measuring 2.4 cm in size, diagnosed using the recently developed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) system. Patient was then treated with external beam radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy, followed by vaginal brachytherapy. She had no evidence of disease at her 15-month follow-up visit. Conclusion: Primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare and diagnostically challenging tumor of the cervix. This case illustrates the challenges associated with diagnosis of this endocervical carcinoma subtype and the need for a multi-disciplinary approach when determining treatment

Historical Analysis: Tracking, Problematizing, and Reterritorializing Achievement and the Achievement Gap

For more than a century, state and federal governments and organizations have used different measures to determine if students and groups of students have achieved in a particular subject or grade level. While the construct of achievement is applied irrespective of student differences, this equal application turns out to be anything but equitable. In this chapter, we work to understand the way achievement plays out for Black students by deconstructing how the word achievement works. In doing so, we track the history of education, testing, and curriculum as it has been applied to Black youth and youth of color

Considerations and best practices in animal science 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing microbiome studies

Microbiome studies in animal science using 16S rRNA gene sequencing have become increasingly common in recent years as sequencing costs continue to fall and bioinformatic tools become more powerful and user-friendly. The combination of molecular biology, microbiology, microbial ecology, computer science, and bioinformatics—in addition to the traditional considerations when conducting an animal science study—makes microbiome studies sometimes intimidating due to the intersection of different fields. The objective of this review is to serve as a jumping-off point for those animal scientists less familiar with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyses and to bring up common issues and concerns that arise when planning an animal microbiome study from design through analysis. This review includes an overview of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, its advantages, and its limitations; experimental design considerations such as study design, sample size, sample pooling, and sample locations; wet lab considerations such as field handing, microbial cell lysis, low biomass samples, library preparation, and sequencing controls; and computational considerations such as identification of contamination, accounting for uneven sequencing depth, constructing diversity metrics, assigning taxonomy, differential abundance testing, and, finally, data availability. In addition to general considerations, we highlight some special considerations by species and sample type

Optimal Social Insurance and Health Inequality

This paper integrates into public economics a biologically founded, stochastic process of individual ageing. The novel approach enables us to quantitatively characterize the optimal joint design of health and retirement policy behind the veil of ignorance for today and in response to future medical progress. Calibrating our model to Germany, we find that future progress in medical technology calls for a potentially drastic increase in health spending that typically should be accompanied by a lower pension savings rate and a higher retirement age. Interestingly, medical progress and higher health spending are in conflict with the goal to reduce health inequality

Urinary tract infections and reduced risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles

We investigated the association between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a population-based case–control study in Los Angeles covering 1586 cases and age-, gender-, and race-matched neighbourhood controls. A history of bladder infection was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer among women (odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–0.96). No effect was found in men, perhaps due to power limitations. A greater reduction in bladder cancer risk was observed among women with multiple infections (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.78). Exclusion of subjects with a history of diabetes, kidney or bladder stones did not change the inverse association. A history of kidney infections was not associated with bladder cancer risk, but there was a weak association between a history of other UTIs and slightly increased risk among men. Our results suggest that a history of bladder infection is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer among women. Cytotoxicity from antibiotics commonly used to treat bladder infections is proposed as one possible explanation

Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena.Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figure