162 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π[m] ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ m ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ (2m-2) Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π[m] Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π[m]
Correction: Pulsed moxifloxacin for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This proof-of-concept study evaluates whether intermittent pulsed moxifloxacin treatment could reduce the frequency of these exacerbations. METHODS: Stable patients with COPD were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to receive moxifloxacin 400 mg PO once daily (N = 573) or placebo (N = 584) once a day for 5 days. Treatment was repeated every 8 weeks for a total of six courses. Patients were repeatedly assessed clinically and microbiologically during the 48-week treatment period, and for a further 24 weeks' follow-up. RESULTS: At 48 weeks the odds ratio (OR) for suffering an exacerbation favoured moxifloxacin: per-protocol (PP) population (N = 738, OR 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.565-0.994, p = 0.046), intent-to-treat (ITT) population (N = 1149, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.645-1.008, p = 0.059), and a post-hoc analysis of per-protocol (PP) patients with purulent/mucopurulent sputum production at baseline (N = 323, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84, p = 0.006).There were no significant differences between moxifloxacin and placebo in any pre-specified efficacy subgroup analyses or in hospitalization rates, mortality rates, lung function or changes in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total scores. There was, however, a significant difference in favour of moxifloxacin in the SGRQ symptom domain (ITT: -8.2 vs -3.8, p = 0.009; PP: -8.8 vs -4.4, p = 0.006). Moxifloxacin treatment was not associated with consistent changes in moxifloxacin susceptibility. There were more treatment-emergent, drug related adverse events with moxifloxacin vs placebo (p < 0.001) largely due to gastrointestinal events (4.7% vs 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent pulsed therapy with moxifloxacin reduced the odds of exacerbation by 20% in the ITT population, by 25% among the PP population and by 45% in PP patients with purulent/mucopurulent sputum at baseline. There were no unexpected adverse events and there was no evidence of resistance development. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00473460 (ClincalTrials.gov)
Process Integration: Designing for Energy, Capital and Operability
Over the last five years, significant energy savings have been achieved by several international companies using the pinch concept for heat integration. New concepts are now being added to help the designer deal with capital cost minimization and the task of finding flexible integrated structures. As a result it is possible to save energy, reduce capital cost and enhance flexibility
Integrated Design of Chemical Processes and Utility Systems
The pinch concept for integrated heat recovery networks has recently become established in chemical process design. This paper presents an overview of the concept and shows how it has now been extended to total process design (reactors, separators, etc.) and to the task of interfacing processes with their utility systems (furnaces, steam levels, turbines, etc.
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