917 research outputs found
Labor Supply Decisions of Rural Low-Income Mothers
Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driverâs license, child care assistance, and Earned Income Tax Credit from the previous year. The estimated labor supply function explained 33 percent of the variation in hours worked by the 208 employed rural mothers. Higher wages, availability of health insurance, and overtime benefits predicted the number of hours that these employed mothers were willing to work.Rural Low-income Mothers, Labor Force Participation, Womenâs Labor Supply, Welfare Reform
Model Reduction for Multiscale Lithium-Ion Battery Simulation
In this contribution we are concerned with efficient model reduction for
multiscale problems arising in lithium-ion battery modeling with spatially
resolved porous electrodes. We present new results on the application of the
reduced basis method to the resulting instationary 3D battery model that
involves strong non-linearities due to Buttler-Volmer kinetics. Empirical
operator interpolation is used to efficiently deal with this issue.
Furthermore, we present the localized reduced basis multiscale method for
parabolic problems applied to a thermal model of batteries with resolved porous
electrodes. Numerical experiments are given that demonstrate the reduction
capabilities of the presented approaches for these real world applications
Model Order Reduction for Rotating Electrical Machines
The simulation of electric rotating machines is both computationally
expensive and memory intensive. To overcome these costs, model order reduction
techniques can be applied. The focus of this contribution is especially on
machines that contain non-symmetric components. These are usually introduced
during the mass production process and are modeled by small perturbations in
the geometry (e.g., eccentricity) or the material parameters. While model order
reduction for symmetric machines is clear and does not need special treatment,
the non-symmetric setting adds additional challenges. An adaptive strategy
based on proper orthogonal decomposition is developed to overcome these
difficulties. Equipped with an a posteriori error estimator the obtained
solution is certified. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed method
<i>Candida tropicalis</i> is the most prevalent yeast species causing candidemia in Algeria:The urgent need for antifungal stewardship and infection control measures
The Emergence of Rare Clinical <i>Aspergillus </i>Species in Qatar: Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles
Exact 2-point function in Hermitian matrix model
J. Harer and D. Zagier have found a strikingly simple generating function for
exact (all-genera) 1-point correlators in the Gaussian Hermitian matrix model.
In this paper we generalize their result to 2-point correlators, using Toda
integrability of the model. Remarkably, this exact 2-point correlation function
turns out to be an elementary function - arctangent. Relation to the standard
2-point resolvents is pointed out. Some attempts of generalization to 3-point
and higher functions are described.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figur
Reduced incorporation of Fatty acids into triacylglycerol in myotubes from obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Altered skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is a hallmark feature of type 2 (T2D). Here we investigated muscle lipid turnover in T2D versus BMI- controls and examined if putative in vivo differences would be preserved myotubes.Male obese T2D individuals (T2D) (n=6) and their BMI-matched (C) (n=6) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max test, underwater weighing and muscle biopsy of v. lateralis. 14C-palmitate and 14C-oleate oxidation rates and incorporation into lipids were measured tissue, as well as in primary myotubes.Palmitate oxidation (C: 0.99 +/- T2D: 0.53 +/- 0.07nmol/mg protein; P=0.03) and incorporation of fatty into triacylglycerol (TAG) (C: 0.45 +/- 0.13, T2D: 0.11 +/- 0.02nmol/mg P=0.047) were significantly reduced in muscle homogenates of T2D. These reductions were not retained for palmitate oxidation in primary myotubes (P=0.38); however, incorporation of FAs into TAG was lower in T2D oleate and P=0.11 for palmitate), with a strong correlation of TAG between muscle tissue and primary myotubes (r=0.848, P=0.008).Our data that the ability to incorporate FAs into TAG is an intrinsic feature of muscle cells that is reduced in individuals with T2D
Extremely high He isotope ratios in MORB-source mantle from the proto-Iceland plume
The high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratio of volcanic rocks thought to be derived from mantle plumes is taken as evidence for the existence of a mantle reservoir that has remained largely undegassed since the Earth's accretion. The helium isotope composition of this reservoir places constraints on the origin of volatiles within the Earth and on the evolution and structure of the Earth's mantle. Here we show that olivine phenocrysts in picritic basalts presumably derived from the proto-Iceland plume at Baffin Island, Canada, have the highest magmatic <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios yet recorded. A strong correlation between <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd and trace element ratios demonstrate that the <sup>3</sup>He-rich end-member is present in basalts that are derived from large-volume melts of depleted upper-mantle rocks. This reservoir is consistent with the recharging of depleted upper-mantle rocks by small volumes of primordial volatile-rich lower-mantle material at a thermal boundary layer between convectively isolated reservoirs. The highest <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He basalts from Hawaii and Iceland plot on the observed mixing trend. This indicates that a <sup>3</sup>He-recharged depleted mantle (HRDM) reservoir may be the principal source of high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He in mantle plumes, and may explain why the helium concentration of the 'plume' component in ocean island basalts is lower than that predicted for a two-layer, steady-state model of mantle structure
Recent trends in molecular diagnostics of yeast infections : from PCR to NGS
The incidence of opportunistic yeast infections in humans has been increasing over recent years. These infections are difficult to treat and diagnose, in part due to the large number and broad diversity of species that can underlie the infection. In addition, resistance to one or several antifungal drugs in infecting strains is increasingly being reported, severely limiting therapeutic options and showcasing the need for rapid detection of the infecting agent and its drug susceptibility profile. Current methods for species and resistance identification lack satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and often require prior culturing of the infecting agent, which delays diagnosis. Recently developed high-throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing or proteomics are opening completely new avenues for more sensitive, accurate and fast diagnosis of yeast pathogens. These approaches are the focus of intensive research, but translation into the clinics requires overcoming important challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of existing and recently emerged approaches that can be used in the identification of yeast pathogens and their drug resistance profiles. Throughout the text we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology and discuss the most promising developments in their path from bench to bedside
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