Design of Fractional Order Digital Differentiators and Integrators Using Indirect Discretization

Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 93B51, 93C95In this paper, design of fractional order digital differentiators and integrators using indirect discretization is presented. The proposed approach is based on using continued fraction expansion to find the rational approximation of the fractional order operator, s^α. The rational approximation thus obtained is discretized by using s to z transforms. The proposed approach is tested for differentiators and integrators of orders 1/4 and 1/2. The results obtained compare favorably with the ideal characteristics

Convergence theorems for common fixed point of the family of nonself and nonexpansive mappings in real Banach spaces

In this paper, we construct cyclic-Mann type of iterative method for approximating a common fixed point of the finite family of nonself and nonexpansive mappings satisfying inward condition on a non-empty, closed and convex subset of a real uniformly convex Banach space . We also construct the averaging algorithm to the class of nonexpansive mappings in 2-uniformly smooth Banach space. We prove weak and strong convergence results for the iterative method. The results of this work extend results in the literature

Research Issues in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing moved away from personal computers and the individual enterprise application server to services provided by the cloud of computers The emergence of cloud computing has made a tremendous impact on the Information Technology IT industry over the past few years Currently IT industry needs Cloud computing services to provide best opportunities to real world Cloud computing is in initial stages with many issues still to be addressed The objective of this paper is to explore the different issues of cloud computing and identify important research opportunities in this increasingly important area We present different design challenges categorized under security challenges Data Challenges Performance challenges and other Design Challenge

東アジア共通農業政策の提案 : 自給率・関税率・財政負担・環境負荷

An efficient Pd-catalyzed domino reaction of α,α-dialkyl-(2- bromoaryl)methanols to 6,6-dialkyl-6H-benzo[c]chromenes is presented. Their formation can be explained via a five membered Pd(II)-cycle that efficiently involves a domino homocoupling with the second molecule, β-carbon cleavage, and finally intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig cyclization. This domino process effectively involves breaking of five σ-bonds (2C-Br, 2O-H, and a C-C) and formation of two new σ-bonds (C-C and C-O). This mechanistic pathway is unprecedented and further illustrates the power of transition metal catalysi

Palladium-mediated highly regio- and stereoselective intermolecular β-arylation on allylic alcohols: Synthesis of functionalized allylic alcohols

An efficient and highly regio- and stereoselctive Pd-catalyzed β-arylation method for the formation of β-aryl allylic alcohols, employing aryl iodides, 1-bromo-2-iodobenzenes, and 2-bromobezaldehydes as coupling partners, is presented. The β-aryl allylic alcohols formed in this Pd-catalyzed transformation is unexpected under conventional Jeffery conditions without the assistance of silver salt. It is proposed that the reaction is substrate controlled, and the selective formation of the product depends on the size or nature of the substituent at the ortho position on the aromatic ring of the allylic alcohol par

Integrated Multiple Features for Tumor Image Retrieval Using Classifier and Feedback Methods

AbstractThe content based image retrieval method greatly assists in retrieving medical images close to the query image from a large database basing on their visual features. This paper presents an effective approach in which the region of the object is extracted with the help of multiple features ignoring the background of the object by employing edge following segmentation method followed by extracting texture and shape characteristics of the images. The former is extracted with the help of Steerable filter at different orientations and radial Chebyshev moments are used for extracting the later. Initially the images similar to the query image are extracted from a large group of medical images. Then the search is by accelerating the retrieval process with the help of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of the retrieval system is enhanced by adapting the subjective feedback method. The experimental results show that the proposed region based multiple features and integrated with classifier and subjective feedback method yields better results than classical retrieval systems

An efficient intermolecular [Pd]-catalyzed C–C and intramolecular [Cu]-catalyzed C–O bonds formation: synthesis of functionalized flavans and benzoxepine

An efficient three-step strategy for the synthesis of functionalized flavans, starting from readily available 2-bromoiodobenzenes and aryl vinyl alcohols, is presented and successfully extended to benzoxepine. An intermolecular [Pd]-catalyzed C–C and an intramolecular [Cu]-catalyzed C–O bond formations have been employed as key transformations of the strategy

A study of prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and its impact on feto maternal outcome

Background: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D among pregnant women and its impact on feto maternal outcome.Methods: An observational study was conducted among 80 pregnant women at PESIMSR, Kuppam over a period of one month from first September 2014 to 30th September 2014. Our primary outcome was to study prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and secondary outcome to study maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with Vitamin D deficiency. The subjects participating in the study were requested to complete a questionnaire that covered socio-demographic data, religion, obstetric history, lifestyle, dietary habits and psychosocial factors. Reliable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level was measured using an enzyme immunoassay method in the extra nine ml blood sample. Data on date of delivery, baby sex, birth weight, length and gestational age (based on ultrasound or on the timing of the last menstrual period) were collected prospectively.Results: In the study period of the 80 women recruited, 3.8% were Christians, 78.8% were Hindus and 17.4% were Muslims. All women recruited for the study were >32 wks gestation. It was found that 53.8% had insufficient serum 25 (OH) D concentrations and 13.8% were deficient for vitamin D. The lowest 25(OH) D concentrations (insufficient levels) were found in those with only one-two hours of sun exposure (65.1%), and 54.5% had deficient levels. Highest concentrations (11.5%) were found in those with two-four hours of sun exposure. There were no significant associations between 25(OH) D concentrations and maternal outcome. The analysis showed a significant association between a deficient vitamin D status (45.5%) and low birth weight (<2.5Kg) compared to 15.4% who had normal vitamin D levels. An insufficient vitamin D status was also related to a lower birth weight, but the association was not statistically significant. Among babies born to study subjects 84.6% had a normal birth weight of 2.5-3.5 kg with normal maternal vitamin D levels, when compared to 36.4% with deficient maternal vitamin D levels. We did not find any significant association between Vitamin D levels and neonatal complications.Conclusions: In our pilot study we found that prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was very high. Our sample size was too small to comment on impact of vitamin D deficiency on fetomaternal outcome. Hence we stopped our study and considered universal supplementation to all pregnant women

Epidemiology of ChiVMV and loss assessment in capsicum (Capsicum annum var. grossum Sendt)

The survey was conducted during rabi season (2021) to determine the incidence of mosaic disease of capsicum in major capsicum growing districts namely, Chikkaballapura, Kolar, Bengaluru rural and Ramanagar. The per cent incidence of mosaic disease based on symptoms in field was recorded, highest in Ramanagar (54.85%) and the least incidence of mosaic disease was observed in Chikkaballapura (26.85%). Transmission and host range studies under glasshouse conditions revealed that ChiVMV is transmitted mechanically. Among 16 host plants tested, 7 plant species (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun, N. glutinosa, N. occidentalis, Datura metel, Physalis floridana, S. nigrum, Capsicum annum) were infected with the Chilli veinal mottle virus disease and the symptom could be seen in 20-25 days. The per cent transmission of ChiVMV by aphid Aphis gossypii was studied. The results showed that ChiVMV can be transmitted by A. gossypii. However, five aphids per plant showed highest per cent transmission (100%). The effect of different dates of inoculation on different plant growth parameters was also studied, the highest per cent disease transmission was observed in T1: Inoculation 15 days after sowing (100.00%)