2,003 research outputs found
Environment Energy Assessment of Trips (EEAT): An updated approach to assess the environmental impacts of urban mobility, The case of Lille Region
This paper deals with sustainable mobility in an urban context. We investigate the assessment of the impacts of the evolution of travel behaviour (travelled distance and modal choice) in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions at the local level. Indeed, today, the control of exhausts generated by the mobility within the urban areas is at the core of the environmental policies and the stabilisation of GHG emissions is one of the main goals of 'sustainable development'. To face this challenge in the transport sector, the national government and local authorities need a better understanding of the link between urban development choices, the operation of the different modes of transport systems, and residents and non residents' attitude, and mobility patterns at the local level.MOBILITE ; ZONE URBAINE ; POLLUTION ATMOSPHERIQUE ; ENERGIE ; CONSOMMATION DE CARBURANT
Somatic embryogenesis from stem nodal sections of grapevine
Indirect somatic embryogenesis was obtained for 11 clones of 6 Vitis vinifera cultivars: Cabernet-Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Grenache, Merlot and Sauvignon, and for the rootstock Fercal [(Vitis berlandieri x Vitis colombard) x (Vitis vinifera x Vitis berlandieri)], starting from vegetative explants of in vitro plantlets. Embryogenic callus was recovered from nodal explants of every tested clone, while leaf explants led to embryogenesis only for the rootstock Fercal. We thus showed that axillary bud microcuttings are valuable explants for inducing somatic embryogenesis in V. vinifera and Fercal. Embryogenic cell lines have been maintained through secondary embryogenesis, and some embryos were converted into whole plantlets. A complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration was therefore designed, using this very simple method.
Recovery of surface reflectance spectra and evaluation of the optical depth of aerosols in the near-IR using a Monte-Carlo approach: Application to the OMEGA observations of high latitude regions of Mars
We present a model of radiative transfer through atmospheric particles based
on Monte Carlo methods. This model can be used to analyze and remove the
contribution of aerosols in remote sensing observations. We have developed a
method to quantify the contribution of atmospheric dust in near-IR spectra of
the Martian surface obtained by the OMEGA imaging spectrometer on board Mars
Express. Using observations in the nadir pointing mode with significant
differences in solar incidence angles, we can infer the optical depth of
atmospheric dust, and we can retrieve the surface reflectance spectra free of
aerosol contribution. Martian airborne dust properties are discussed and
constrained from previous studies and OMEGA data. We have tested our method on
a region at 90{\deg}E and 77{\deg}N extensively covered by OMEGA, where
significant variations of the albedo of ice patches in the visible have been
reported. The consistency between reflectance spectra of ice-covered and
ice-free regions recovered at different incidence angles validates our
approach. The optical depth of aerosols varies by a factor 3 in this region
during the summer of Martian year 27. The observed brightening of ice patches
does not result from frost deposition but from a decrease in the dust
contamination of surface ice and (to a lower extent) from a decrease in the
optical thickness of atmospheric dust. Our Monte Carlo-based model can be
applied to recover the spectral reflectance characteristics of the surface from
OMEGA spectral imaging data when the optical thickness of aerosols can be
evaluated. It could prove useful for processing image cubes from the Compact
Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on board the Mars
Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Generation of broad XUV continuous high harmonic spectra and isolated attosecond pulses with intense mid-infrared lasers
We present experimental results showing the appearance of a near-continuum in
the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectra of atomic and molecular
species as the driving laser intensity of an infrared pulse increases. Detailed
macroscopic simulations reveal that these near-continuum spectra are capable of
producing IAPs in the far field if a proper spatial filter is applied. Further,
our simulations show that the near-continuum spectra and the IAPs are a product
of strong temporal and spatial reshaping (blue shift and defocusing) of the
driving field. This offers a possibility of producing IAPs with a broad range
of photon energy, including plateau harmonics, by mid-IR laser pulses even
without carrier-envelope phase stabilization.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to J.Phys. B (Oct 2011
Mannose and xylose cannot be used as selectable agents for Vitis vinifera L. transformation
Only a few selectable marker systems for genetic engineering of grapevine have been studied in the past and only resistance to antibiotics has been used to recover transgenic vines. Since the acceptance of antibiotic resistances is small mannose and xylose were evaluated as selectable agents for the genetic transformation of grapevine. Survival of suspension cells and the ability to develop embryos from embryogenic calli were estimated in the presence of mannose and xylose. Embryogenic calli obtained from anther cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay were able to grow and to produce embryos even if mannose or xylose were the only source of carbohydrates
The Effects of Caffeine Ingestion and the -163A\u3eC CYP1A2 Polymorphism on Long Anaerobic Exercise Performance
Please click the pdf icon to download the abstract
Differences between proposed Apollo sites: 1. Synthesis
Recent observations of the spectral reflectivity and emissivity of the five prime Apollo landing sites are evaluated in the context of similar observations of other localities on the moon and of data returned from unmanned lunar probes. We conclude that those five sites differ significantly only in minor constituents and/or relative valence states and that those differences are more modest than the differences that characterize mare regions generally. Recommendations of priorities for the five prime Apollo sites are made based on their uniqueness for sample return. Sampling of other lunar localities displaying anomalous emissivities and extreme color differences will be required to ascertain the full range of lithologies that constitute the lunar surface
β-Alanine Supplementation Has No Effect on Rowing Performance in College Age Athletes
Please view abstract in the attached PDF file
Entropic phase separation of linked beads
We study theoretically a model system of a transient network of microemulsion
droplets connected by telechelic polymers and explain recent experimental
findings. Despite the absence of any specific interactions between either the
droplets or polymer chains, we predict that as the number of polymers per drop
is increased, the system undergoes a first order phase separation into a dense,
highly connected phase, in equilibrium with dilute droplets, decorated by
polymer loops. The phase transition is purely entropic and is driven by the
interplay between the translational entropy of the drops and the
configurational entropy of the polymer connections between them. Because it is
dominated by entropic effects, the phase separation mechanism of the system is
extremely robust and does not depend on the particlular physical realization of
the network. The discussed model applies as well to other polymer linked
particle aggregates, such as nano-particles connected with short DNA linkers
Validity and Reliability of Electronic Devices to Measure Muscular Power during Linear Weight Lifting Movements
Please click the pdf icon to download the abstracts
- …