30 research outputs found
Dislocation constriction and cross-slip in Al and Ag: an ab initio study
A novel model based on the Peierls framework of dislocations is developed.
The new theory can deal with a dislocation spreading at more than one slip
planes. As an example, we study dislocation cross-slip and constriction process
of two fcc metals, Al and Ag. The energetic parameters entering the model are
determined from ab initio calculations. We find that the screw dislocation in
Al can cross-slip spontaneously in contrast with that in Ag, which splits into
partials and cannot cross-slip without first being constricted. The dislocation
response to an external stress is examined in detail. We determine dislocation
constriction energy and critical stress for cross-slip, and from the latter, we
estimate the cross-slip energy barrier for the straight screw dislocations
Generalized stacking fault energy surfaces and dislocation properties of aluminum
We have employed the semidiscrete variational generalized Peierls-Nabarro
model to study the dislocation core properties of aluminum. The generalized
stacking fault energy surfaces entering the model are calculated by using
first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) with pseudopotentials and the
embedded atom method (EAM). Various core properties, including the core width,
splitting behavior, energetics and Peierls stress for different dislocations
have been investigated. The correlation between the core energetics and
dislocation character has been explored. Our results reveal a simple
relationship between the Peierls stress and the ratio between the core width
and atomic spacing. The dependence of the core properties on the two methods
for calculating the total energy (DFT vs. EAM) has been examined. The EAM can
give gross trends for various dislocation properties but fails to predict the
finer core structures, which in turn can affect the Peierls stress
significantly (about one order of magnitude).Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Vicinal Surfaces and the Calogero-Sutherland Model
A miscut (vicinal) crystal surface can be regarded as an array of meandering
but non-crossing steps. Interactions between the steps are shown to induce a
faceting transition of the surface between a homogeneous Luttinger liquid state
and a low-temperature regime consisting of local step clusters in coexistence
with ideal facets. This morphological transition is governed by a hitherto
neglected critical line of the well-known Calogero-Sutherland model. Its exact
solution yields expressions for measurable quantities that compare favorably
with recent experiments on Si surfaces.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, 2 figures (.eps
Dislocation Kinks in Copper: Widths, Barriers, Effective Masses, and Quantum Tunneling
We calculate the widths, migration barriers, effective masses, and quantum
tunneling rates of kinks and jogs in extended screw dislocations in copper,
using an effective medium theory interatomic potential. The energy barriers and
effective masses for moving a unit jog one lattice constant are close to
typical atomic energies and masses: tunneling will be rare. The energy barriers
and effective masses for the motion of kinks are unexpectedly small due to the
spreading of the kinks over a large number of atoms. The effective masses of
the kinks are so small that quantum fluctuations will be important. We discuss
implications for quantum creep, kink--based tunneling centers, and Kondo
resonances
Using the Wigner-Ibach Surmise to Analyze Terrace-Width Distributions: History, User's Guide, and Advances
A history is given of the applications of the simple expression generalized
from the surmise by Wigner and also by Ibach to extract the strength of the
interaction between steps on a vicinal surface, via the terrace width
distribution (TWD). A concise guide for use with experiments and a summary of
some recent extensions are provided.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, reformatted (with revtex) version of refereed
paper for special issue of Applied Physics A entitled "From Surface Science
to Device Physics", in honor of the retirements of Prof. H. Ibach and Prof.
H. L\"ut
Trueness of CAD/CAM digitization with a desktop scanner – an in vitro study
Desktop scanners are devices for digitization of conventional impressions or gypsum casts by indirect Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Assisted Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) in dentistry. The purpose of this in vitro study was: 1, to investigate whether virtual models produced by the extraoral scanner have the same trueness as sectioned casts; and 2, to assess if digitization with an extraoral scanner influences the surface information
Effect of a force-free end on the mechanical property of a biopolymer —A path integral approach
[[abstract]]We study the effect of a force-free end on the mechanical property of a stretched biopolymer. The system can be divided into two parts. The first part consists of the segment counted from the fixed point (i.e., the origin) to the forced point in the biopolymer, with arclength Lf . The second part consists of the segment counted from the forced point to the
force-free end with arclength DL. We apply the path integral technique to find the relationship between these two parts. At finite temperature and without any constraint at the end, we show exactly that if we focus on the quantities related to the first part, then we can ignore the second part completely. Monte Carlo simulation confirms this conclusion. In contrast,
the effect for the quantities related to the second part is dependent on what we want to observe. A force-free end has little effect on the relative extension, but it affects seriously the value of the end-to-end distance if DL is comparable to Lf .[[notice]]補正完