Updating the NCTUns-6.0 tool to simulate parallel optical burst switching of all-optical ultra-dense WDM systems

Optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as suitable switching architectures for directly transporting traffic over a bufferless wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Parallel optical burst switching (POBS) is a variant of the OBS model that takes this concept further by transmitting data bursts wavelength and time dimensions. However, there is a lack of simulator that simulates POBS networks. This paper presents an update to the conventional OBS model in the NCTUns-6.0 simulator (NCTUns-POBS). The NCTUns-POBS tool is capable of simulating POBS networks for ultra-denseWDM. It analyzes the features of POBS networks, enables to adjust the parameters of POBS networks and enhances their switching technology. To test and validate the performance of the tool, the proposed random wavelength assignment technique (RWAT) is compared with the existing sequential wavelength assignment technique (SWAT) of the POBS model and the conventional OBS model. The results of the simulation show that, the NCTUns-POBS successfully simulates the POBS networks in which the proposed RWAT enables the POBS to yield higher throughput compared to the existing SWAT and the OBS conventional techniqu

Stem subsidence of polished and rough double-taper stems: In vitro mechanical effects on the cement-bone interface

Background and purpose Many clinical reports have indicated that polished hip stems show better clinical results than rough stems of the same geometry. It is still unknown, however, what the mechanical effects are of different surface finishes on the cement at the cement-bone interface. We compared mechanical effects in an in vitro cemented hip arthroplasty model

Expanding frontiers in materials chemistry and physics with multiple anions

During the last century, inorganic oxide compounds laid foundations for materials synthesis, characterization, and technology translation by adding new functions into devices previously dominated by main-group element semiconductor compounds. Today, compounds with multiple anions beyond the single-oxide ion, such as oxyhalides and oxyhydrides, offer a new materials platform from which superior functionality may arise. Here we review the recent progress, status, and future prospects and challenges facing the development and deployment of mixed-anion compounds, focusing mainly on oxide-derived materials. We devote attention to the crucial roles that multiple anions play during synthesis, characterization, and in the physical properties of these materials. We discuss the opportunities enabled by recent advances in synthetic approaches for design of both local and overall structure, state-of-the-art characterization techniques to distinguish unique structural and chemical states, and chemical/physical properties emerging from the synergy of multiple anions for catalysis, energy conversion, and electronic materials