The Diversity of Fisheries Based Livelihoods in the Berau Delta, East Kalimantan

Fisheries based livelihoods in the Berau Delta are diverse. The everyday life of small-scale fishers shows that gear diversification, changing fishing gear over a lifetime and practical knowledge to access good fishing grounds in the rich coastal waters are the main livelihood strategies developed by fishers. Fishing practices in the coastal frontier of Berau are influenced by the Bugis habitus of patronage networks between the punggawa and the dependent fishers. An essential element in the decision making of fishers is their embeddedness in political-economic patronage networks as the result of values, interests and knowledge contestations. Livelihood trajectories of different fishers from various classes confirm that as social actors, whether rich or poor, they have the agency to search for better livelihoods

The Diversity of Fisheries Based Livelihoods in the Berau Delta, East Kalimantan

Fisheries based livelihoods in the Berau Delta are diverse. The everyday life of small-scale fishers shows that gear diversification, changing fishing gear over a lifetime and practical knowledge to access good fishing grounds in the rich coastal waters are the main livelihood strategies developed by fishers. Fishing practices in the coastal frontier of Berau are influenced by the Bugis habitus of patronage networks between the punggawa and the dependent fishers. An essential element in the decision making of fishers is their embeddedness in political-economic patronage networks as the result of values, interests and knowledge contestations. Livelihood trajectories of different fishers from various classes confirm that as social actors, whether rich or poor, they have the agency to search for better livelihoods

Suns-VOC_\textrm{OC} characteristics of high performance kesterite solar cells

Low open circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$) has been recognized as the number one problem in the current generation of Cu$_{2}$ZnSn(Se,S)$_{4}$ (CZTSSe) solar cells. We report high light intensity and low temperature Suns-$V_{OC}$ measurement in high performance CZTSSe devices. The Suns-$V_{OC}$ curves exhibit bending at high light intensity, which points to several prospective $V_{OC}$ limiting mechanisms that could impact the $V_{OC}$, even at 1 sun for lower performing samples. These V$_{OC}$ limiting mechanisms include low bulk conductivity (because of low hole density or low mobility), bulk or interface defects including tail states, and a non-ohmic back contact for low carrier density CZTSSe. The non-ohmic back contact problem can be detected by Suns-$V_{OC}$ measurements with different monochromatic illumination. These limiting factors may also contribute to an artificially lower $J_{SC}$-$V_{OC}$ diode ideality factor.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 supplementary materia

Recent Technology of Genetic Selection Indices in Sheep Breeding

ABSTRACT: In developed countries, selection indices is usually used lid the genetic improvement of sheep. One of the most critical assumptions used in constructing multiple trait selection indices is that parameters such as genetic and phenotypic variances and covariances are known without error. hi practise, however, only estimates of these parameters arc used, and these are subject to sampling error. The objective of the present paper is to calculate genetic selection indices in sheep breeding using the "bending" technique develeved by Gunawan (1986). In the final model, 11 production traits are used in the breeding objective and W characters in th. index. The results show that the accuracy of selection ranged from about 0.62 to 0.80, The efficiencies of selection indices ineludini4 all traits relative to single trait selection are also calculated. The results show that selection indices are always more efficient than single trait selection. The efficiency ranged from about 102% to 176%. The highest relative efficiency is for traits with low heritability (h2=0,144,20), with efficiencies of 176% and 139% respectively. For traits with moderate heritability 012=421-0.0) the efficiencies ranged from 115% to 132%, and for traits with high heritability (h2>0,40) efficiencies are between 102% and 101%, it is concluded that a selection index is very efficient if the trait has a low heritability but also relatively high correlations with characters of high heritability in the index. Key Words : Selection Indices, Single Trait Selection, Genetic & Phenotypic Parameters, Bending Technique.. Breeding Objective, Heritabilit

Pengaruh Laba Konservatisma terhadap Return Saham: Size dan Growth sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi Empiris di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

This study aimed to test the effect of earnings conservatism of the company stock return moderated by variable size and growth. Using a purposive sampling method, the subjects in this study is that there is a manufacturing company in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) of 888 companies. The data comes from the manufacturing company´s financial statements and the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) for fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 until December 31, 2006 using regression analysis. The results showed that: first, the slope of the regression coefficient of return higher profits for companies with negative returns (bad news) than for firms with positive returns (good news), which means that the average manufacturing firm´s profit is conservative. Second, the Company and the Price to Book Ratio (P / B) tend to have low profit, conservative. Third, the moderating influence of size and growth to strengthen earnings conservatism of the company stock return. Key Words: conservatism, Size, Growt

Graha Kecantikan dan Kebugaran Wanita di Surabaya

Fasilitas kecantikan dan kebugaran wanita ini menampung segala kegiatan yang dilakukan para wanita untuk menjaga kecantikannya baik secara jasmani dan rohani yang dapat diwadahi beserta dengan shopping area sebagai pelengkap kebutuhan hiburan para wanita. Fasilitas ini direncanakan karena belum ada fungsi serupa di Surabaya yang menggunakan konsep “one stop beauty” dimana fasilitas seperti itu umumnya terpisah-pisah yaitu setiap fasilitas hanya satu fungsi. Fasilitas ini ditujukan pada wanita sebagai pengguna utama sehingga masalah utama rancangan fasilitas ini harus mencerminkan kecantikan wanita sebagai penggunanya. Dengan rumusan masalah tersebut maka mengambil pendekatan simbolik sehingga masalah utama rancangan fasilitas ini harus mencerminkan kecantikan wanita sebagai penggunanya. Sedangkan pendalaman yang diambil adalah pendalaman karakter ruang dengan konsep elegan sebagai ciri wanita