Alien Registration- Gervais, George B. (Allagash, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32337/thumbnail.jp

Collective Variables of Fermions and Bosonization

We first present a general method for extracting collective variables out of non-relativistic fermions by extending the gauge theory of collective coordinates to fermionic systems. We then apply the method to a system of non-interacting flavored fermions confined in a one-dimensional flavor-independent potential. In the limit of a large number of particles we obtain a Lagrangian with the Wess-Zumino-Witten term, which is the well-known Lagrangian describing the non-Abelian bosonization of chiral fermions on a circle. The result is universal and does not depend on the details of the confining potential.Comment: 12 pages, plain tex, added new preprint numbe

Phase Structure of the O(n) Model on a Random Lattice for n>2

We show that coarse graining arguments invented for the analysis of multi-spin systems on a randomly triangulated surface apply also to the O(n) model on a random lattice. These arguments imply that if the model has a critical point with diverging string susceptibility, then either \g=+1/2 or there exists a dual critical point with negative string susceptibility exponent, \g', related to \g by \g=\g'/(\g'-1). Exploiting the exact solution of the O(n) model on a random lattice we show that both situations are realized for n>2 and that the possible dual pairs of string susceptibility exponents are given by (\g',\g)=(-1/m,1/(m+1)), m=2,3,.... We also show that at the critical points with positive string susceptibility exponent the average number of loops on the surface diverges while the average length of a single loop stays finite.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX file, two eps-figure

Current-induced nuclear-spin activation in a two-dimensional electron gas

Electrically detected nuclear magnetic resonance was studied in detail in a two-dimensional electron gas as a function of current bias and temperature. We show that applying a relatively modest dc-current bias, I_dc ~ 0.5 microAmps, can induce a re-entrant and even enhanced nuclear spin signal compared with the signal obtained under similar thermal equilibrium conditions at zero current bias. Our observations suggest that dynamic nuclear spin polarization by small current flow is possible in a two-dimensional electron gas, allowing for easy manipulation of the nuclear spin by simple switching of a dc current.Comment: 5 pages, 3 fig

Domain Walls in a FRW Universe

We solve the equations of motion for a scalar field with domain wall boundary conditions in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime. We find (in agreement with Basu and Vilenkin) that no domain wall solutions exist in de Sitter spacetime for h = H/m >= 1/2, where H is the Hubble parameter and m is the scalar mass. In the general FRW case we develop a systematic perturbative expansion in h to arrive at an approximate solution to the field equations. We calculate the energy momentum tensor of the domain wall configuration, and show that the energy density can become negative at the core of the defect for some values of the non-minimal coupling parameter xi. We develop a translationally invariant theory for fluctuations of the wall, obtain the effective Lagrangian for these fluctuations, and quantize them using the Bunch-Davies vacuum in the de Sitter case. Unlike previous analyses, we find that the fluctuations act as zero-mass (as opposed to tachyonic) modes. This allows us to calculate the distortion and the normal-normal correlators for the surface. The normal-normal correlator decreases logarithmically with the distance between points for large times and distances, indicating that the interface becomes rougher than in Minkowski spacetime.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures using epsf.tex. Now auto-generates P

Blockchain and smart contracts: the missing link in copyright licensing?

This article offers a normative analysis of key blockchain technology concepts from the perspective of copyright law. Some features of blockchain technologies—scarcity, trust, transparency, decentralized public records and smart contracts—seem to make this technology compatible with the fundamentals of copyright. Authors can publish works on blockchain creating a quasi-immutable record of initial ownership, and encode ‘smart’ contracts to license the use of works. Remuneration may happen on online distribution platforms where the smart contracts reside. In theory, such an automated setup allows for the private ordering of copyright. Blockchain technology, like Digital Rights Management 20 years ago, is thus presented as an opportunity to reduce market friction, and increase both licensing efficiency and the autonomy of creators. Yet, some of the old problems remain. The article examines the differences between new, smart-contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration