Role of the middle ear muscle apparatus in mechanisms of speech signal discrimination

A method of impedance reflexometry was used to examine 101 students with hearing impairment in order to clarify the interrelation between speech discrimination and the state of the middle ear muscles. Ability to discriminate speech signals depends to some extent on the functional state of intraaural muscles. Speech discrimination was greatly impaired in the absence of stapedial muscle acoustic reflex, in the presence of low thresholds of stimulation and in very small values of reflex amplitude increase. Discrimination was not impeded in positive AR, high values of relative thresholds and normal increase of reflex amplitude in response to speech signals with augmenting intensity

Numerical study of rainbows and glories in water-drop clouds

In this paper we study scattering phase functions in water-drop clouds for various distributions of droplet size and various conditions of glory, rainbow and corona formation, and discuss the hypothesis proposed by A. N. Nevzorov that a considerable amount of water in cold clouds can exist in a specific phase state with the refractive index ≈ 1.8 (so called A-water). Polarization and angular distributions are studied by the Monte Carlo method for radiation reflected by cloud layers with drops of water or hypothetical A-water taking into account multiple scattering. Computational results make it possible to develop procedures for analysis of microphysical structure of clouds and confirmation or disproof of the existence of A-water

New phase structure of the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential

It is shown that in the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential there are two different massive phases with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. In one of them particle density is identically zero, in another phase it is not equal to zero. The transition between phases is a phase transition of the second order.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figures

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal stability of double borate Na3ErB2O6

Received: 05.10.2021. Revised: 18.10.2021. Accepted: 18.10.2021. Available online: 20.10.2021.Double borate Na3ErB2O6 was synthesized by the solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of Na3ErB2O6 was refined by the Rietveld method: P21/c, a = 6.49775(14) Å, b = 8.50424(17) Å, c = 12.0067(3) Å, β = 118.4797(9)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure of Na3ErB2O6 consists of –[ErO6]∞-chains along the "b" axis, which are linked by BO3 triangles in a three-dimensional framework. Sodium atoms occupy empty positions inside the channels. The thermal behavior of Na3ErB2O6 was studied in detail in the range of 25–1150 °C range by DSC and TG methods. Na3ErB2O6 congruently melts at 1116 °C. Based on the results of DSC measurements, three reversible phase transitions were found for Na3ErB2O6.The work was supported by Basic Project of BINM SB RAS № 0273-2021-0008. X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis were obtained using the equipment of the Collective Use Center BINM SB RAS

Numerical study of rainbows and glories in water-drop clouds

In this paper we study scattering phase functions in water-drop clouds for various distributions of droplet size and various conditions of glory, rainbow and corona formation, and discuss the hypothesis proposed by A. N. Nevzorov that a considerable amount of water in cold clouds can exist in a specific phase state with the refractive index ≈ 1.8 (so called A-water). Polarization and angular distributions are studied by the Monte Carlo method for radiation reflected by cloud layers with drops of water or hypothetical A-water taking into account multiple scattering. Computational results make it possible to develop procedures for analysis of microphysical structure of clouds and confirmation or disproof of the existence of A-water

Beam-Breakup Instability Theory for Energy Recovery Linacs

Here we will derive the general theory of the beam-breakup instability in recirculating linear accelerators, in which the bunches do not have to be at the same RF phase during each recirculation turn. This is important for the description of energy recovery linacs (ERLs) where bunches are recirculated at a decelerating phase of the RF wave and for other recirculator arrangements where different RF phases are of an advantage. Furthermore it can be used for the analysis of phase errors of recirculated bunches. It is shown how the threshold current for a given linac can be computed and a remarkable agreement with tracking data is demonstrated. The general formulas are then analyzed for several analytically solvable cases, which show: (a) Why different higher order modes (HOM) in one cavity do not couple so that the most dangerous modes can be considered individually. (b) How different HOM frequencies have to be in order to consider them separately. (c) That no optics can cause the HOMs of two cavities to cancel. (d) How an optics can avoid the addition of the instabilities of two cavities. (e) How a HOM in a multiple-turn recirculator interferes with itself. Furthermore, a simple method to compute the orbit deviations produced by cavity misalignments has also been introduced. It is shown that the BBU instability always occurs before the orbit excursion becomes very large.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Phase diagrams for the M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems, where M = Li–Cs, Tl and Ln = La–Lu

In this paper, the results of systematic studies of complex molybdate systems M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 (M = Li–Cs, Tl; Ln = La–Lu) are presented. Subsolidus phase diagrams of ternary systems were constructed and new triple molybdates were obtained. The optimum synthesis conditions for poly- and monocrystalline form were determined. According to single-crystal data, the structure of one of the representatives of triple molybdates was determined.In this paper, the results of systematic studies of complex molybdate systems M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 (M = Li–Cs, Tl; Ln = La–Lu) are presented. Subsolidus phase diagrams of ternary systems were constructed and new triple molybdates were obtained. The optimum synthesis conditions for poly- and monocrystalline form were determined. According to single-crystal data, the structure of one of the representatives of triple molybdates was determined

Phase relations in the Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems, where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs

Received: 26.09.2018. Accepted: 12.10.2018. Published: 31.10.2018.The Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs were studied in the subsolidus region using an X-ray powder diffraction. Quasi-binary joins were revealed, and triangulation carried out. The formation of ternary molybdates Me5InHf (MoO4)6 for Me = K, Tl, Rb, Cs and Мe2InHf2(MoO4)6.5 for Me = Rb, Cs was established.The work was carried out according to the state assignment BINM SB RAS (project no. 0339‑2016‑0007) and RFBR, grants Nos. 18‑03‑00799