Asymmetry in Charmed Particles Production in Σ−\Sigma^{-} beam

We present the calculation of the inclusive $x_F$-distributions of charmed hadrons, produced in high-energy $\Sigma^-$-beam. The calculation is based on the modified mechanism of charmed quarks fragmentation as well as on the mechanism of $c$-quark recombination with the valence quarks from initial hadrons. We predict the additional asymmetry in the production of charmed hadrons due to the different distributions of the valence s and d quarks in $\Sigma^-$-beam.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, 6 figure

Pediatric T- and NK-cell lymphomas: new biologic insights and treatment strategies

T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas are challenging childhood neoplasms. These cancers have varying presentations, vast molecular heterogeneity, and several are quite unusual in the West, creating diagnostic challenges. Over 20 distinct T- and NK-cell neoplasms are recognized by the 2008 World Health Organization classification, demonstrating the diversity and potential complexity of these cases. In pediatric populations, selection of optimal therapy poses an additional quandary, as most of these malignancies have not been studied in large randomized clinical trials. Despite their rarity, exciting molecular discoveries are yielding insights into these clinicopathologic entities, improving the accuracy of our diagnoses of these cancers, and expanding our ability to effectively treat them, including the use of new targeted therapies. Here, we summarize this fascinating group of lymphomas, with particular attention to the three most common subtypes: T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified. We highlight recent findings regarding their molecular etiologies, new biologic markers, and cutting-edge therapeutic strategies applied to this intriguing class of neoplasms

Airway smooth muscle as a target of asthma therapy: history and new directions

Ultimately, asthma is a disease characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle (ASM). The earliest approach to the treatment of asthma comprised the use of xanthines and anti-cholinergics with the later introduction of anti-histamines and anti-leukotrienes. Agents directed at ion channels on the smooth muscle membrane (Ca(2+ )channel blockers, K(+ )channel openers) have been tried and found to be ineffective. Functional antagonists, which modulate intracellular signalling pathways within the smooth muscle (β-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), have been used for decades with success, but are not universally effective and patients continue to suffer with exacerbations of asthma using these drugs. During the past several decades, research energies have been directed into developing therapies to treat airway inflammation, but there have been no substantial advances in asthma therapies targeting the ASM. In this manuscript, excitation-contraction coupling in ASM is addressed, highlighting the current treatment of asthma while proposing several new directions that may prove helpful in the management of this disease

Timing and severity of inhibitor development in recombinant versus plasma-derived factor VIII concentrates: a SIPPET analysis

Essentials Recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) was contrasted with plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII). In previously untreated patients with hemophilia A, rFVIII led to more inhibitors than pdFVIII. Inhibitors with rFVIII developed earlier, and the peak rate was higher than with pdFVIII. Inhibitors with rFVIII were more severe (higher titre) than with pdFVIII. Summary: Background The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against factor VIII (FVIII) is the most severe complication in the early phases of treatment of severe hemophilia A. Recently, a randomized trial, the Survey of Inhibitors in Plasma-Product Exposed Toddlers (SIPPET) demonstrated a 2-fold higher risk of inhibitor development in children treated with recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products than with plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII) during the first 50 exposure days (EDs). Objective/Methods In this post-hoc SIPPET analysis we evaluated the rate of inhibitor incidence over time by every 5 EDs (from 0 to 50 EDs) in patients treated with different classes of FVIII product, made possible by a frequent testing regime. Results The highest rate of inhibitor development occurred in the first 10 EDs, with a large contrast between rFVIII and pdFVIII during the first 5 EDs: hazard ratio 3.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01\ue2\u80\u939.74) for all inhibitors and 4.19 (95% CI, 1.18\ue2\u80\u9314.8) for high-titer inhibitors. For patients treated with pdFVIII, the peak of inhibitor development occurred later (6\ue2\u80\u9310 EDs) and lasted for a shorter time. Conclusion These results emphasize the high immunologic vulnerability of patients during the earliest exposure to FVIII concentrates, with the strongest response to recombinant FVIII products

Iron Deficiency and Acute Seizures: Results from Children Living in Rural Kenya and a Meta-Analysis

There are conflicting reports on whether iron deficiency changes susceptibility to seizures. We examined the hypothesis that iron deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute seizures in children in a malaria endemic area

Computerized and distance learning systems (the case of medical diagnostics)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state and the possibility of developing computer systems of various types in education (the case of medicine). Particular emphasis is on the use of case studies that combine linguistic and multimedia components and on intellectual technologies to implement the learning process, individually controlled at different stages. The considered methods of knowledge engineering in the construction of intelligent systems form the skills of individual and teamwork. A separate aspect is the methods and means of distance learning with the use of telemedical and internet technologies in teaching and continuous professional development. Ontologies are used as a means of cognitive visual representation of knowledge. They find application in the presentation of medical knowledge that characterize pathological processes. Intellectual maps and concept maps are used as the primary analysis of logical relationships of characteristics. Role games contribute to the development of knowledge extraction for expert systems. This allows all members of the group to simulate the roles of a knowledge engineer and an expert. In addition, the teacher corrects, if necessary, this process and indicates in conclusion on the mistakes made and the unused possibilities for optimizing the dialogue between the student-cognitive scientist and the student-expert. Based on case-method it is proposed to implement examples and questions from clinical practice, including video fragments. This allows you to monitor the correctness of the actions of students during inspections and manipulations. The expert system and remote methods of work are used for the analysis of microscopic drugs under the supervision of the teacher. Building an intellectual learning system that includes cases is the basis for acquiring the skills of differential diagnosis in the process of examining a virtual patient. Telemedical technologies, using different video cameras, suggest remote teaching of not only theoretical, but also clinical subjects with examination of patients, including testing of students and video examinations.As a result of the research, the author proposed schemes of computerized and intellectualized technology for teaching medical subjects of various types (morphological, clinical, and cybernetic). This contributes to the increase of knowledge, taking into account the individual abilities of students on personal programs, forms skills to extract and analyze the information received. Videoconferencing allows you to improve your skills remotely at the place of work in the process of contact with lecturers and teachers. Specially developed approaches presuppose remote examination and diagnostics under the supervision of the teacher. In addition, demonstration of patients with various pathologies during telelectures. These approaches offer opportunities for individual mastering of knowledge based on modern methods of electronic education and intellectual technologies. Personalization of the approach to learning allows you to repeat the insufficiently mastered sections of the material. Distance learning methods will allow setting and solving tasks of continuous improvement of professional skill of medical workers on a fundamentally new level. In principle, the use of many of these approaches is possible in other areas of education

Information technology in pediatric practice: Current state and prospects

In the preceding developmental period, information technologies in pediatrics found rather wide application in various fields (prophylactic examinations, diagnosis, electronic medical records, and specialized registers). At present, there are clearly prospects that are associated with transition to e-health and person-centered data integration. Electronic health records in their modular construction will ensure the formation of a variety of problem-oriented registers based on primary information entered once. Portable electronic devices intended for home use, by transferring the data to processing centers and physicians, will ensure constant monitoring of the health of certain contingents of children and responsiveness of critical changes of monitored physiological parameters. Built-in EHR assisted decision support system will serve as a guide for physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of children, which is particularly important to choose medicines

The problem of predisposition to diseases: classic approaches and modern technologies

The article is devoted to urgent pediatric problem of comparing traditional and innovative approaches to the study of predisposition to diseases. It is noted that in the era of the formation of personalized pediatrics, along with the introduction of the latest diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, it is important to take into account the classic achievements, including those associated with the ideology of diathesis developed in the Russian pediatrics – concepts of hereditary predispositions. The article contains data on changing classification of diathesis. Within the framework of the 4P medical paradigm and, first of all, personalized medicine, the authors discuss molecular genetic and other high-tech potential methods of the disease risk assessment. Based on the concept of the space-time bioecological continuum of transitional health states, in particular, using the example of the atopic march, the authors consider the approaches to multi-level research, adaptation mechanisms and their breakdowns, and possible development of appropriate prognostic biomarkers. Using the example of biophenotypes of bronchial asthma and variants of manifestations of disenergetic states, the authors pay their attention to the importance of identifying the individual characteristics of pathological processes in children. The authors have concluded that the main task of personalized pediatrics is the development of methodology used for designing a personal health management program based on the principles of a new strategy for diagnosing, monitoring and controlling individual (including genomic) health, with the formation of a genetic passports for each child