2,511 research outputs found
Effective elastic properties of randomly distributed void models for porous materials
This is the post-print version of the final paper published in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2010 Elsevier B.V.Many 2D analytical models are available for estimating the effective elastic properties of porous materials. Most of these models adopt circular voids of a uniform diameter in superlattice arrays, such as unit void or periodically positioned models. There are two principal issues in a realistic representation of porous materials: the random distribution of a statistically sufficiently large number of voids in the model, and the random distribution of the size and position of the voids. Numerical schemes such as the FEM or the BEM have also been presented to cater for regular patterned circular voids. However, due to the large number of elements needed to produce sufficient accuracy for the curved boundary of circular voids or modelling a statistically sufficient number of voids with a random distribution in both the void size and the position, no such model has yet been produced.
Modelling based on an FEM approach using a simplified approximation for void geometry is proposed here for the calculation of the effective elastic properties of porous solids. A plane strain model of a square geometry is adopted for a 2D array of voids. This simplified square shape allows a large number of voids to be simulated with a random distribution for both void sizes and their locations. The problem of anisotropy, which arises from the square shape, is discussed. It is verified that along the two principal directions (parallel to the sides of the square voids), the elastic properties remain the same as those predicted by using a circular void geometry. This square-shaped approximation, with its reduced requirement for FE analysis, has the potential to be extended to 3-dimensional modelling for a realistic simulation of engineering materials.University of Aberdee
EMOGA: a hybrid genetic algorithm with extremal optimization core for multiobjective disassembly line balancing
In a world where products get obsolescent ever more quickly, discarded devices produce million tons of electronic waste. Improving how end-of-life products are dismantled helps reduce this waste, as resources are conserved and fed back into the supply chain, thereby promoting reuse and recycling. This paper presents the Extremal MultiObjective Genetic Algorithm (EMOGA), a hybrid nature-inspired optimization technique for a multiobjective version of the Disassembly Line Balancing Problem (DLBP). The aim is to minimize the number of workstations, and to maximize profit and disassembly depth, when dismounting products in disassembly lines. EMOGA is a Pareto-based genetic algorithm (GA) hybridized with a module based on extremal optimization (EO), which uses a tailored mutation operator and a continuous relaxation-based seeding technique. The experiments involved the disassembly of a hammer drill and a microwave oven. Performance evaluation was carried out by comparing EMOGA to various efficient algorithms. The results showed that EMOGA is faster or gets closer to the Pareto front, or both, in all comparisons
Exploring the parent population of beamed NLS1s: from the black hole to the jet
The aim of this work is to understand the nature of the parent population of
beamed narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), by studying the physical
properties of three parent candidates samples: steep-spectrum radio-loud NLS1s,
radio-quiet NLS1s and disk-hosted radio-galaxies. In particular, we focused on
the black hole mass and Eddington ratio distribution and on the interactions
between the jet and the narrow-line region.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proceedings of High Energy Phenomena
in Relativistic Outflows (HEPRO) V, Workshop Series of the Argentinian
Astronomical Societ
Unveiling the parent population of beamed narrow-line Seyfert 1s
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) are active galactic nuclei (AGN)
recently identified as a new class of -ray sources. The high energy
emission is explained by the presence of a relativistic jet observed at small
angles, just like in the case of blazars. When the latter are observed at
larger angles they appear as radio-galaxies, but an analogue parent population
for beamed NLS1s has not yet been determined. In this work we analyze this
problem by studying the physical properties of three different samples of
parent sources candidates: steep-spectrum radio-loud NLS1s, radio-quiet NLS1s,
and disk-hosted radio-galaxies, along with compact steep-spectrum sources. In
our approach, we first derived black hole mass and Eddington ratio from the
optical spectra, then we investigated the interaction between the jet and the
narrow-line region from the [O III] 4959,5007 lines. Finally,
the radio luminosity function allowed us to compare their jet luminosity and
hence determine the relations between the samples.Comment: 6 pages, no figures. Proceedings of the 28th Texas Symposium, Geneva,
December 13-18, 201
Stress-free states of continuum dislocation fields: Rotations, grain boundaries, and the Nye dislocation density tensor
We derive general relations between grain boundaries, rotational
deformations, and stress-free states for the mesoscale continuum Nye
dislocation density tensor. Dislocations generally are associated with
long-range stress fields. We provide the general form for dislocation density
fields whose stress fields vanish. We explain that a grain boundary (a
dislocation wall satisfying Frank's formula) has vanishing stress in the
continuum limit. We show that the general stress-free state can be written
explicitly as a (perhaps continuous) superposition of flat Frank walls. We show
that the stress-free states are also naturally interpreted as configurations
generated by a general spatially-dependent rotational deformation. Finally, we
propose a least-squares definition for the spatially-dependent rotation field
of a general (stressful) dislocation density field.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Identification of low energy neutral and charged cosmic ray events in large wide field observatorie
The lower energy thresholds of large wide-field gamma-ray observatories are
often determined by their capability to deal with the very low-energy cosmic
ray background. In fact, in observatories with areas of tens or hundreds of
thousands of square meters, the number of background events generated by the
superposition of random, very low energy cosmic rays is huge and may exceed by
far the possible signal events. In this article, we argue that a trigger
strategy based on pattern recognition of the shower front can significantly
reject the background, keeping a good efficiency and a good angular accuracy
(few square degrees) for gamma rays with energies as low as tens of GeV. In
this way, alerts can be followed or emitted within time lapses of the order of
the second, enabling wide-field gamma-ray observatories to better contribute to
global multi-messenger networks of astrophysical observatories.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figure
Efficient CSL Model Checking Using Stratification
For continuous-time Markov chains, the model-checking problem with respect to
continuous-time stochastic logic (CSL) has been introduced and shown to be
decidable by Aziz, Sanwal, Singhal and Brayton in 1996. Their proof can be
turned into an approximation algorithm with worse than exponential complexity.
In 2000, Baier, Haverkort, Hermanns and Katoen presented an efficient
polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the sublogic in which only binary
until is allowed. In this paper, we propose such an efficient polynomial-time
approximation algorithm for full CSL. The key to our method is the notion of
stratified CTMCs with respect to the CSL property to be checked. On a
stratified CTMC, the probability to satisfy a CSL path formula can be
approximated by a transient analysis in polynomial time (using uniformization).
We present a measure-preserving, linear-time and -space transformation of any
CTMC into an equivalent, stratified one. This makes the present work the
centerpiece of a broadly applicable full CSL model checker. Recently, the
decision algorithm by Aziz et al. was shown to work only for stratified CTMCs.
As an additional contribution, our measure-preserving transformation can be
used to ensure the decidability for general CTMCs.Comment: 18 pages, preprint for LMCS. An extended abstract appeared in ICALP
201
Dynamical Response of Nanomechanical Resonators to Biomolecular Interactions
We studied the dynamical response of a nanomechanical resonator to
biomolecular (e.g. DNA) adsorptions on a resonator's surface by using a
theoretical model, which considers the Hamiltonian H such that the potential
energy consists of elastic bending energy of a resonator and the potential
energy for biomolecular interactions. It was shown that the resonant frequency
shift of a resonator due to biomolecular adsorption depends on not only the
mass of adsorbed biomolecules but also the biomolecular interactions.
Specifically, for dsDNA adsorption on a resonator's surface, the resonant
frequency shift is also dependent on the ionic strength of a solvent, implying
the role of molecular interactions on the dynamic behavior of a resonator. This
indicates that nanomechanical resonators may enable one to quantify the
biomolecular mass, implying the enumeration of biomolecules, as well as gain
insight into intermolecular interactions between adsorbed biomolecules on the
surface.Comment: 17 page, 4 figures, accepted for publication at PRB. Physical Review
B, accepte
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