15,092 research outputs found
Testing of strawberry-varieties (with/without biodegradable mulch film) for organic cultivation
Different strawberry varieties, available from organic propagation at that time were, planted
in August 2004 and proofed about their suitability for organic cultivation, each variety was
tested with and without biodegradable mulch film. Within the early ripening strawberry
varieties âCleryâ had a middle yield and was susceptible for infections with leaf spot, losses
of plants by Verticillium were seldom. This variety should be planted early to reach enough
vigor in autumn. âCleryâ has an interesting potential in the phase of higher prices at the
beginning strawberry season. âDarselectâ ripened shortly before âElsantaâ, the yield was
lower, but the fruit-size bigger, so the picking could be done more quickly. âElsantaâ
showed in this trial under organic conditions not too bad results, but on this area no
strawberries had been cultivated for many years before, so the potential of soil-borne
diseases was only low to middle.
In the group of middle ripening varieties âKoronaâ suffered under the hot weather in June
2006 and reacted with heavy wilting symptoms, first of all caused by Verticillium, and with
more leathery and small fruits. âFlorenceâ and âPecoâ had often sunburst (by intensive
sunbeams). âSt. Pierreâ had a vigor plant, middle yield and less sunburst, but should be
picked well ripened. The late variety âYamaskaâ was robust, but tasted only middle good.
The biodegradable mulch film increased in the first year the yield of the early ripening
varieties, in the second year with a hot summer this effect disappeared. Partly snails used
the mulch film as refuge, damages of the film also were caused by birds. The natural
decomposition was sufficient, when the film was tilled into the soil after the second
harvest
Results from scab trials with Armicarb in the years 2006 and 2007
In organically cultivated orchards of the LVWO Weinsberg in the years 2006 and 2007
trials were carried out about new products and their efficacy against apple scab. In the
year 2006 (variety âGalaâ) Armicarb and BioPluss sprayed preventively during primary
ascospore season could not convince, also not in combination with lime sulphur as stopapplication.
Armicarb showed at âGalaâ a tendency to increase russetting of the fruits. In
the year 2007 (Variety âElstarâ) different combinations of wetting sulphur with yuccasaponin
and stop-applications (lime sulphur, Armicarb) were tested with focus on the time
immediately after blossom. The effect of Armicarb as stop-application was weaker than of
lime sulphur at an infection-period with extreme high ascospore potential. The differences
between the tested combinations were low. Wetting sulphur+yucca-saponin showed
interesting tendencies in the year 2007, but should not be combined with lime sulphur as
stop-application because of significantly increased reticular russetting of the apples
Results from thinning experiments in 2002 and 2003
In 2002 an experiment about thinning blossoms of the apple variety 'Pinova' lime sulfur (in 2002 45
% thinning) and sodium salt (21 % thinning) showed good effects, the number of blossom-clusters
in 2003 was very high in the lime sulfur parcels. Results from extracts of Hericium erinaceum in
2003 have to be replicated again, the number of applications must be increased
Optimizing crop loading of apples and pears - results 2004-2006 (foliar fertilizers, thinning)
Main topics of the research-project FuE 03OE088 of âBundesprogramm Ăkologischer
Landbauâ (30.04.2004-31.12.2006) were the testing of foliar fertilizers in organic apples
and pears, optimizing lime sulphur for blossom thinning, looking for alternatives to lime
sulphur for blossom thinning and looking at different combinations of thinning measures.
Only the results of testing foliar fertilizers (carried out by KoGa Ahrweiler and OVB/ĂON
Jork) and combinations of thinning measures (carried out by LVWO Weinsberg) are
described in this article. Over three years only a small increase in yield was evaluated for
the fertilizers Aminosol PS and Wuxal Ascofol (site Ahrweiler, apple variety âElstarâ). In
Jork (apple variety âHolsteiner Coxâ) yield could only be judged in 2005 and 2006. Wuxal
Ascofol showed some advantage in comparison to the control. At pear variety âConferenceâ
no clear tendencies could be seen, the control had the highest yield. In 2005 the fruitsetting
of âConferenceâ was very low because of bad conditions during blossom
Stellar and nuclear-physics constraints on two r-process components in the early Galaxy
Proceedings of "Nuclei in the Cosmos 2000", Aarhus, DanmarkComment: 3 pages, 2 figures; to be publ. in Nucl. Phys.
Investigations on alternative substances for control of apple scab - Results from Conidia germinating tests and experiments with plant extracts
The intention of this research project, which was supported within the "Bundesprogramm Ăkologischer
Landbau", was to find alternatives for the control of Venturia inaequalis for the organic fruitgrower.
Beside the investigations on reducing the ascospore potential on fallen leaves, experiments
were conducted in laboratory, greenhouses and in orchard to test direct control of scab with different
plant extracts, concentrations and methods of extraction. Extracts from Inula viscosa, Quillaja
saponaria-bark, citrus-species (AGROMIL) and Saponaria officinalis revealed a distinct efficacy
against apple scab in greenhouse studies on apple seedlings. ELOT-VIS, CHITOPLANT, COMCAT,
MOOSEXTRAKT, SILIOPLANT und FZB 24 did not show sufficient efficacy with the application schedule
used for control of scab. Mixtures of Quillaja-saponine and sulphur reduced effectively apple scab
incidence. In an experiment concerning rain stability Citrus-extract and Quillaja-saponine showed a
lower efficacy against scab after a simulated rain of 5 mm. The screening of different supplements
to Citrus-extract as surfactants and adhesives revealed GREEMAX and BIOPLUSS as promising additives.
Both combinations showed an efficacy comparable to copperoxychloride corresponding to
400 g elementary copper per ha
Higher Gauge Theory and Gravity in (2+1) Dimensions
Non-abelian higher gauge theory has recently emerged as a generalization of
standard gauge theory to higher dimensional (2-dimensional in the present
context) connection forms, and as such, it has been successfully applied to the
non-abelian generalizations of the Yang-Mills theory and 2-form
electrodynamics. (2+1)-dimensional gravity, on the other hand, has been a
fertile testing ground for many concepts related to classical and quantum
gravity, and it is therefore only natural to investigate whether we can find an
application of higher gauge theory in this latter context. In the present paper
we investigate the possibility of applying the formalism of higher gauge theory
to gravity in (2+1) dimensions, and we show that a nontrivial model of
(2+1)-dimensional gravity coupled to scalar and tensorial matter fields - the
model - can be formulated both as a standard gauge theory and
as a higher gauge theory. Since the model has a very rich structure - it admits
as solutions black-hole BTZ-like geometries, particle-like geometries as well
as Robertson-Friedman-Walker cosmological-like expanding geometries - this
opens a wide perspective for higher gauge theory to be tested and understood in
a relevant gravitational context. Additionally, it offers the possibility of
studying gravity in (2+1) dimensions coupled to matter in an entirely new
framework.Comment: 22 page
Nuclear Structure Studies at ISOLDE and their Impact on the Astrophysical r-Process
The focus of the present review is the production of the heaviest elements in
nature via the r-process. A correct understanding and modeling requires the
knowledge of nuclear properties far from stability and a detailed prescription
of the astrophysical environment. Experiments at CERN/ISOLDE have played a
pioneering role in exploring the characteristics of nuclear structure in terms
of masses and beta-decay properties. Initial examinations paid attention to far
unstable nuclei with magic neutron numbers related to r-process peaks, while
present activities are centered on the evolution of shell effects with the
distance from the valley of stability. We first show in site-independent
applications the effect of both types of nuclear properties on r-process
abundances. Then, we explore the results of calculations related to two
different `realistic' astrophysical sites, (i) the supernova neutrino wind and
(ii) neutron star mergers. We close with a list of remaining theoretical and
experimental challenges needed to overcome for a full understanding of the
nature of the r-process, and the role CERN/ISOLDE can play in this process.Comment: LATEX, 38 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Hyperfine Interaction
On the table of marks of a direct product of finite groups
We present a method for computing the table of marks of a direct product of finite groups. In contrast to the character table of a direct product of two finite groups, its table of marks is not simply the Kronecker product of the tables of marks of the two groups. Based on a decomposition of the inclusion order on the subgroup lattice of a direct product as a relation product of three smaller partial orders, we describe the table of marks of the direct product essentially as a matrix product of three class incidence matrices. Each of these matrices is in turn described as a sparse block diagonal matrix. As an application, we use a variant of this matrix product to construct a ghost ring and a mark homomorphism for the rational double Burnside algebra of the symmetric group S_3
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