Instantaneous noise-based logic

We show two universal, Boolean, deterministic logic schemes based on binary noise timefunctions that can be realized without time-averaging units. The first scheme is based on a new bipolar random telegraph wave scheme and the second one makes use of the recent noise-based logic which is conjectured to be the brain's method of logic operations [Physics Letters A 373 (2009) 2338-2342]. Error propagation and error removal issues are also addressed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Fluctuation and Noise Letters (December 2010 issue

Noise-based information processing: Noise-based logic and computing: what do we have so far?

We briefly introduce noise-based logic. After describing the main motivations we outline classical, instantaneous (squeezed and non-squeezed), continuum, spike and random-telegraph-signal based schemes with applications such as circuits that emulate the brain functioning and string verification via a slow communication channel.Comment: Invited talk at the 21st International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, Toronto, Canada, June 12-16, 201

Entropy and Barrier-Hopping Determine Conformational Viscoelasticity in Single Biomolecules

Biological macromolecules have complex and non-trivial energy landscapes, endowing them a unique conformational adaptability and diversity in function. Hence, understanding the processes of elasticity and dissipation at the nanoscale is important to molecular biology and also emerging fields such as nanotechnology. Here we analyse single molecule fluctuations in an atomic force microscope (AFM) experiment using a generic model of biopolymer viscoelasticity that importantly includes sources of local `internal' conformational dissipation. Comparing two biopolymers, dextran and cellulose, polysaccharides with and without the well-known `chair-to-boat' transition, reveals a signature of this simple conformational change as minima in both the elasticity and internal friction around a characteristic force. A calculation of two-state populations dynamics offers a simple explanation in terms of an elasticity driven by the entropy, and friction by barrier-controlled hopping, of populations on a landscape. The microscopic model, allows quantitative mapping of features of the energy landscape, revealing unexpectedly slow dynamics, suggestive of an underlying roughness to the free energy.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, naturemag.bst, modified nature.cls (naturemodified.cls

Investigating the behaviour of ASHRAE, Bedford, and Nicol thermal scales when translated into the Arabic language

With the global spread of thermal comfort studies, thermal scales are translated into different languages to adapt local context in which the studies are applied. However, translating thermal comfort studies does not maintain the scales' behaviour associated with the original English versions. Behaviour differences include irregular categories' width, asymmetry, and deviation of the middle category centre from the centre of the thermal continuum. These differences have a negative influence on the results of thermal comfort studies and their accuracy. Applying the successive categories method, this paper explores the change in ASHRAE, Bedford, and Nicol scales' behaviour when translated into the Arabic language. The translated scales were integrated into questionnaires distributed among female high school students in Muscat, the capital city of Oman, as part of a larger survey that lasted for a whole year. The findings revealed the deviation of the translated scales from the original assumptions of the English versions. This included categories' irregular widths and asymmetry in addition to the deviation of the centre of the middle categories from the centre of the thermal continuum. Besides, it was found that both ASHRAE and Bedford scales covered different ranges on the thermal continuum, which questions their assumed equivalence. Based on these findings, the accuracy of the thermal comfort analysis is negatively affected. Considering the sensitivity of scales' behaviour to the used phrases, further explorations implementing the terms examined in this study are recommended. Abstract With the global spread of thermal comfort studies, thermal scales are translated into different languages to adapt local context in which the studies are applied. However, translating thermal comfort studies does not maintain the scales' behaviour associated with the original English versions. Behaviour differences include irregular categories' width, asymmetry, and deviation of the middle category centre from the centre of the thermal continuum. These differences have a negative influence on the results of thermal comfort studies and their accuracy. Applying the successive categories method, this paper explores the change in ASHRAE, Bedford, and Nicol scales' behaviour when translated into the Arabic language. The translated scales were integrated into questionnaires distributed among female high school students in Muscat, the capital city of Oman, as part of a larger survey that lasted for a whole year. The findings revealed the deviation of the translated scales from the original assumptions of the English versions. This included categories' irregular widths and asymmetry in addition to the deviation of the centre of the middle categories from the centre of the thermal continuum. Besides, it was found that both ASHRAE and Bedford scales covered different ranges on the thermal continuum, which questions their assumed equivalence. Based on these findings, the accuracy of the thermal comfort analysis is negatively affected. Considering the sensitivity of scales' behaviour to the used phrases, further explorations implementing the terms examined in this study are recommended

Using a New Programme to Predict Thermal Comfort as a Base to Design Energy Efficient Buildings

A strong relationship relates the thermal comfort and the consumption of energy, especially in the hot arid climate where the installation of HVAC systems is unavoidable. In fact, it has been reported that the HVAC systems are responsible for consuming huge amounts of the total energy used by the buildings that can globally reach up to 40% of the total primary energy requirement. The future estimations indicate that the energy consumption is likely to continue growing in the developed economies to exceed that of the developed countries in 2020. Under these situations, it seems that the shift towards more energy efficient buildings is not an option. Because part of any successful environmental design is to understand the potentials of the site, the proposed programme (THERCOM) assists in weighing the indoor and outdoor thermal comfort in different climates in order to provide better understanding of the site environment as well as testing the thermal comfort chances of the initial concepts

Study of three-nucleon dynamics in the dp breakup collisions using the Wasa detector

An experiment to investigate the ^{1}H(d,pp)n breakup reaction using a deuteron beam of 300, 340, 380 and 400 MeV and the WASA detector has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich. As a first step, the data collected at the beam energy of 340 MeV are analysed, with a focus on the proton–proton coincidences registered in the Forward Detector. Elastically scattered deuterons are used for precise determination of the luminosity. The main steps of the analysis, including energy calibration, particle identification (PID) and efficiency studies, and their impact on the final accuracy of the result, are discussed

Study of three-nucleon dynamics in the dp breakup collisions using the Wasa detector

An experiment to investigate the ^{1}H(d,pp)n breakup reaction using a deuteron beam of 300, 340, 380 and 400 MeV and the WASA detector has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY-Jülich. As a first step, the data collected at the beam energy of 340 MeV are analysed, with a focus on the proton–proton coincidences registered in the Forward Detector. Elastically scattered deuterons are used for precise determination of the luminosity. The main steps of the analysis, including energy calibration, particle identification (PID) and efficiency studies, and their impact on the final accuracy of the result, are discussed