Breast reconstruction: a review

Surgeons in the late 19th - 20th century performed radical mastectomies as the only possible treatment for breast cancers. Since then, the medical-surgical/scientific community has been constantly encouraged to develop and study different less invasive alternatives in breast reconstruction. Over time, locoregional perforator flap options have served as practical alternatives to implant-based reconstruction and abdominal flaps, especially in the setting of patients who have received radiation therapy or have a history of failed reconstruction, as they effectively fill the missing volume and respect the musculature of the donor site. Breast reconstruction using strategies with one of the different locoregional flaps can preserve the musculature and innervation of the post-mastectomy site, which manages to reduce possible adverse events. In addition to evaluating the anatomical characteristics of the defect and affected quadrant, it is essential to assess the patient's body constitution and the skills of the surgical team as well as microsurgery training when designing a reconstructive plan. Different research protocols should be developed in the study and development of new medical-surgical therapeutic alternatives; we suggest joint development with tissue engineering

Qualitative and quantitative characterization of a coal power plant waste by TG/DSC/MS, XRF and XRD

SO2 removal from coal-fired power plant flue gases can be done by dry, semi-dry or wet desulphurization processes, using limestone or lime-containing products as sorbents. In a Brazilian coal power plant, there is a dry desulphurization unit to capture SO2 with hydrated lime from the combustion gases. A part of the flying ashes produced is mixed with the bottom coal ashes and the spent sulphated product generated after SO2 capture. This residual solid blend is then buried in a non-productive area, from which coal was already extracted and is studied in this work. According to the authors’ experience in the development and characterization of adsorbents for low temperature dry desulphurization processes and in thermogravimetric analysis, this paper shows and discusses a method which was developed to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the chemical and mineral composition of this waste by using thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, to preview new potential industrial applications for this waste.We are thankful to the University of Cantabria for the financial support under the Project: 51.VP61.64005, to the Brazilian Research Council, under the project CNPq no. 407005/2013-7, and to the Brazilian Education Council CAPES

Measuring Submicron-Size Fractionated Particulate Matter on Aluminum Impactor Disks

From the 20th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Kona, Hawaii, USA, May 31-June 3, 2009.Submicron-sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into 6 size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high-purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56-100, 100-180, 180-320, 320-560, 560-1000, and 1000-1800 nm. Since the MOUDI has a low flow rate (30 L/min), it takes several days to collect sufficient carbon on 47-mm foil disks. The small carbon mass (20-200 g C) and large aluminum substrate (~25 mg Al) present several challenges to production of graphite targets for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis. The Al foil consumes large amounts of oxygen as it is heated and tends to melt into quartz combustion tubes, causing gas leaks. We describe sample processing techniques to reliably produce graphitic targets for 14C AMS analysis of PM deposited on Al impact foils.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo para presentar resultados perinatales adversos

Objetivo: Determinar si la enfermedad periodontal (EP) es un factor de riesgo que pudiera ejercer alguna influencia en la presentación de resultados perinatales adversos en la población general. Método: Estudio prospectivo de cohorte, en el cual se incluyeron 282 pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, para atención del parto. Se realizó examen dental clasificándolas como sanas o enfermas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, X² y riesgo relativo (RR) para establecer asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal y las variables de estudio. Resultados: La incidencia de EP fue de 15%. La edad promedio de 22,1 años. El RR para parto prematuro fue 0,67 (IC 95% 0,19-2,33; p=0,81), preeclampsia 1,17 (IC 95% 0,45-3,02; p=0,35), ruptura prematura de membranas 0,842 (IC 95% 0,80-0,88; p=0,76), bajo peso al nacer 0,85 (IC 95% 0,33-2,51; p=0,71). Conclusión: En nuestro estudio no encontramos asociación entre pacientes con enfermedad periodontal y resultados perinatales adversos.<br>Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and the development of adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed; 282 patients were included, who were assisted for their birth delivery at the Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. A dental examination was done classifying them as healthy or sick. A descriptive and statistic study was done looking for the association between periodontal disease and the variables of the study were compared using X² and relative risk. Results: The incidence of periondontal disease was 15%. The average age was 22.1 years. The risk ratio for preterm delivery was 0.67 (CI 95% 0.19-2.33; p=0.81), preeclampisa 1.17 (CI 95% 0.45-3.02; p=0.35), premature rupture of membranes 0.842 (CI 95% 0.80-0.88; p=0.76), low birthweight 0.85 (CI 95% 0.33-2.51; p=0.71). Conclusion: No significant association was seen between periodontal disease and the adverse perinatal outcomes

Estimation of hysteretic losses for MgB2 tapes under the operating conditions of a generator

Hysteretic losses in the MgB2 wound superconducting coils of a 550 kW synchronous hybrid scaled generator were estimated as part of the European project SUPRAPOWER led by the Spanish Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation. Particular interest was given to the losses caused by the magnetic flux ripples in the rotor coils originating from the conventional stator during nominal operation. To compute these losses, a 2D finite element analysis was conducted and Maxwell’s equations written in the H-formulation were solved considering the nonlinear material properties of the conductor materials. The modeled tapes are made of multiple MgB2 filaments embedded in a Ni matrix and soldered to a high purity copper strip and insulated with Dacron braid. Three geometrical models of single tape cross sections of decreasing complexity were studied: (1) the first model reproduced closely the actual cross section obtained from tape micrographs. (2) The second model was obtained from the computed elasto-plastic deformation of a round Ni wire. (3) The third model was based on a simplified cross section with the superconducting filaments bundled in a single elliptical bulky structure. The last geometry allowed the validation of the modeling technique by comparing numerical losses with results from well-established analytical expressions. Additionally, the following cases of filament transpositions of the multi-filamentary tape were studied: no transposition, partial and full transposition; thereby improving understanding of the relevance of the tape fabrication process on the magnitude of the determination of ac losses. Finally, choosing the right level of geometrical detail, the following operational regimes of the machine and its impact on individual superconducting tape losses in the rotor were studied: bias-dc current, ramping current under ramping background field and magnetic flux ripples under dc background current and field.European Commission's FP

Carbon dioxide sequestration of fly ash alkaline-based mortars containing recycled aggregates and reinforced by hemp fibers: Mechanical properties and numerical simulation with a finite element method

Natural fibers are a sustainable and renewable resource available almost all over the world having the advantage of being able to sequestrate atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis. Being cost-effective and as stronger as synthetic fibers, they are of interest for the production of reinforced cementitious composites for the construction industry. This chapter discloses results of an investigation concerning the performance of fly ash/waste glass alkaline-based mortars with recycled aggregates reinforced by hemp fibers exposed to accelerated carbon dioxide curing. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and numerical simulations with a finite element method were studied on it.The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the frame of project IF/00706/2014-UM.2.15.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio