Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Konsentrasi Paklobutrazol Terhadap Keragaan Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.) CV “Candlelight” Pada Budidaya Tanaman Secara Hidroponik

Capsicum annuumL. CV. “Candlelight” atau sering disebut cabai rawit tumpuk memiliki buah beraturan seperti kumpulan lilin yang menyala, cocok untuk ditanam di pot. Tanaman cabai Candlelight memiliki potensi menjadi tanaman hias, dengan membuat tinggi tanaman lebih pendek, daun lebih hijau, cabang dan jumlah daun lebih banyak melalui pemberian paklobutrazol dan penggunaan media tanam yang tepat melalui budidaya tanaman secara hidroponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi media tanam, konsentrasi paklobutrazol dan interaksi keduanya terhadap keragaan tanaman cabai Candlelight pada budidaya tanaman secara hidroponik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai Juni 2016 di Rumah Kaca Universitas Lampug dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Perlakuan disusun faktorial 2 x 5 dengan 3 kelompok yang terdapat 2 sub sampel. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi media tanam (M) terdiri dari; sekam bakar (m 1 ), dan sekam bakar + sekam mentah 1:1 (m 2 ). Faktor kedua konsentrasi paklobutrazol (D) terdiri; dari 0 ppm (d 0 ), 25 ppm (d 1 ), 50 ppm (d 2 ), 75 ppm (d 3 ), dan 100 ppm (d 4 ). Homogenitas ragamn diuji dengan Uji Bartlett dan aditivitas dengan Uji Tukey. Pemisahan nilai tengah diuji dengan Uji Polinomial Ortogonal pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan media sekam bakar hasil lebih baik dibandingkan sekam campuran. Konsentrasi paklobutrazol 50 ppm berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun total, tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas, muncul bunga pertama, jumlah bunga, jumlah cabang, jumlah buah, umur buah di tanaman, panjang buah, dan kehijauan daun. Jumlah buah pada media sekam bakar tidak ada pengaruh paklobutrazol tetapi pada media campuran pengaruh konsentrasi paklobutrazol memberikan pengaruh. Pada media sekam bakar setiap penambahan konsentrasi 1 ppm paklobutrazol menurunkan tinggi tanaman sebesar 0,2 cm, sedangkan pada media sekam campuran paklobutrazol menurunkan tinggi tanaman sebesar 0,36 cm

Solvable model of a polymer in random media with long ranged disorder correlations

We present an exactly solvable model of a Gaussian (flexible) polymer chain in a quenched random medium. This is the case when the random medium obeys very long range quadratic correlations. The model is solved in $d$ spatial dimensions using the replica method, and practically all the physical properties of the chain can be found. In particular the difference between the behavior of a chain that is free to move and a chain with one end fixed is elucidated. The interesting finding is that a chain that is free to move in a quadratically correlated random potential behaves like a free chain with $R^2 \sim L$, where $R$ is the end to end distance and $L$ is the length of the chain, whereas for a chain anchored at one end $R^2 \sim L^4$. The exact results are found to agree with an alternative numerical solution in $d=1$ dimensions. The crossover from long ranged to short ranged correlations of the disorder is also explored.Comment: REVTeX, 28 pages, 12 figures in eps forma

Levels and Correlates of Non-Adherence to WHO Recommended Inter-Birth Intervals in Rufiji, Tanzania.

Poorly spaced pregnancies have been documented worldwide to result in adverse maternal and child health outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum inter-birth interval of 33 months between two consecutive live births in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. However, birth spacing practices in many developing countries, including Tanzania, remain scantly addressed. METHODS: Longitudinal data collected in the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) from January 1999 to December 2010 were analyzed to investigate birth spacing practices among women of childbearing age. The outcome variable, non-adherence to the minimum inter-birth interval, constituted all inter-birth intervals <33 months long. Inter-birth intervals >=33 months long were considered to be adherent to the recommendation. Chi-Square was used as a test of association between non-adherence and each of the explanatory variables. Factors affecting non-adherence were identified using a multilevel logistic model. Data analysis was conducted using STATA (11) statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 15,373 inter-birth intervals were recorded from 8,980 women aged 15--49 years in Rufiji district over the follow-up period of 11 years. The median inter-birth interval was 33.4 months. Of the 15,373 inter-birth intervals, 48.4% were below the WHO recommended minimum length of 33 months between two live births. Non-adherence was associated with younger maternal age, low maternal education, multiple births of the preceding pregnancy, non-health facility delivery of the preceding birth, being an in-migrant resident, multi-parity and being married. CONCLUSION: Generally, one in every two inter-birth intervals among 15--49 year-old women in Rufiji district is poorly spaced, with significant variations by socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of mothers and newborns. Maternal, newborn and child health services should be improved with a special emphasis on community- and health facility-based optimum birth spacing education in order to enhance health outcomes of mothers and their babies, especially in rural settings

Structural differences determine the relative selectivity of nicotinic compounds for native α4β2^*-, α6β2^*-, α3β4^*- and α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors

Mammalian brain expresses multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes that differ in subunit composition, sites of expression and pharmacological and functional properties. Among known subtypes of receptors, α4β2^* and α6β2^*-nAChR have the highest affinity for nicotine (where ^* indicates possibility of other subunits). The α4β2^*-nAChRs are widely distributed, while α6β2^*-nAChR are restricted to a few regions. Both subtypes modulate release of dopamine from the dopaminergic neurons of the mesoaccumbens pathway thought to be essential for reward and addiction. α4β2^*-nAChR also modulate GABA release in these areas. Identification of selective compounds would facilitate study of nAChR subtypes. An improved understanding of the role of nAChR subtypes may help in developing more effective smoking cessation aids with fewer side effects than current therapeutics.We have screened a series of nicotinic compounds that vary in the distance between the pyridine and the cationic center, in steric bulk, and in flexibility of the molecule. These compoundswere screened usingmembrane binding and synaptosomal function assays, or recordings from GH4C1 cells expressing hα7, to determine affinity, potency and efficacy at four subtypes of nAChRs found in brain, α4β2^*, α6β2^*, α7 and α3β4^*. In addition, physiological assays in gain-of-function mutant mice were used to assess in vivo activity at α4b2^* and α6β2^*-nAChRs. This approach has identified several compounds with agonist or partial agonist activity that display improved selectivity for α6β2^*-nAChR

Coexisting Renal Artery Stenosis and Large Angiomyolipoma in a Solitary Kidney: A Therapeutic Dilemma

Title: Coexisting Renal Artery Stenosis and Large Angiomyolipoma in a Solitary Kidney: A Therapeutic Dilemma Authors: Tilahun YB, Mentor/Attending: Sekar A Background: Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are the most common benign renal tumors, typically presenting as incidental findings. However, large AMLs can lead to life-threatening complications such as retroperitoneal hemorrhage, particularly in the setting of a solitary kidney. The presence of concomitant renal artery stenosis (RAS) further complicates management, posing a unique therapeutic challenge in balancing the need to prevent hemorrhage, preserve renal function, and optimize renovascular perfusion. Case: A 77-year-old African American woman with a history of left nephrectomy for renal AML presented with an incidental finding of multiple right renal AMLs, including a dominant 10x7 cm mass. Hemodynamically significant ostial RAS was also discovered during pre-embolization angiography, with a translesional gradient of 15 mmHg. Multidisciplinary discussions were conducted among Nephrology, Urology, and Interventional Radiology to explore management options. Selective transcatheter embolization of the dominant AML was successfully performed, with a satisfactory decrease in size to 9.1x7.5x8.4 cm on follow-up imaging at 3 months. Vascular stenting was deferred as the patient\u27s hypertension was well-controlled on medical therapy with amlodipine. Conclusion: The management of complex AMLs in solitary kidneys with concurrent RAS requires an individualized approach guided by multidisciplinary collaboration. Selective embolization offers a nephron-sparing strategy for large AMLs, aiming to mitigate the risk of hemorrhage while preserving renal function. However, the impact of revascularization on rupture risk in this setting remains unknown, and the indications for intervention in RAS affecting solitary kidneys are not well-defined. In this case, a conservative approach with selective embolization and medical management of hypertension was favored. Further research is needed to better elucidate long-term outcomes and guide therapeutic decision-making in this challenging clinical scenario. Close surveillance remains crucial to monitor treatment response and assess the need for further intervention

Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: In most resource-poor settings, malaria is usually diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms and not by detection of parasites in the blood using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). In population-based malaria surveys, accurate diagnosis is important: microscopy provides the gold standard, whilst RDTs allow immediate findings and treatment. The concordance between RDTs and microscopy in low or unstable transmission areas has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasites in randomly selected malarious areas of Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia, using microscopy and RDT, and to investigate the agreement between microscopy and RDT under field conditions. METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted in 224 randomly selected clusters of 25 households each in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions, between December 2006 and February 2007. Fingerpick blood samples from all persons living in even-numbered households were tested using two methods: light microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood slides; and RDT (ParaScreen device for Pan/Pf). RESULTS: A total of 13,960 people were eligible for malaria parasite testing of whom 11,504 (82%) were included in the analysis. Overall slide positivity rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-5.0%) while ParaScreen RDT was positive in 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%) of those tested. Considering microscopy as the gold standard, ParaScreen RDT exhibited high specificity (98.5%; 95% CI 98.3-98.7) and moderate sensitivity (47.5%; 95% CI 42.8-52.2) with a positive predictive value of 56.8% (95% CI 51.7-61.9) and negative predictive value of 97.6% (95% CI 97.6-98.1%) under field conditions. CONCLUSION: Blood slide microscopy remains the preferred option for population-based prevalence surveys of malaria parasitaemia. The level of agreement between microscopy and RDT warrants further investigation in different transmission settings and in the clinical situation

Malaria prevalence and mosquito net coverage in Oromia and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia.

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is unstable and seasonal, with the majority of the country's population living in malaria-prone areas. Results from DHS 2005 indicate that the coverage of key malaria interventions was low. The government of Ethiopia has set the national goal of full population coverage with a mean of 2 long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) per household through distribution of about 20 million LLIN by the end of 2007. The aim of this study was to generate baseline information on malaria parasite prevalence and coverage of key malaria control interventions in Oromia and SNNPR and to relate the prevalence survey findings to routine surveillance data just before further mass distribution of LLINs. METHODS: A 64 cluster malaria survey was conducted in January 2007 using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design. Using Malaria Indicator Survey Household Questionnaire modified for the local conditions as well as peripheral blood microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests, the survey assessed net ownership and use and malaria parasite prevalence in Oromia and SNNPR regions of Ethiopia. Routine surveillance data on malaria for the survey time period was obtained for comparison with prevalence survey results. RESULTS: Overall, 47.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.5-61.9%) of households had at least one net, and 35.1% (95% CI 23.1-49.4%) had at least one LLIN. There was no difference in net ownership or net utilization between the regions. Malaria parasite prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI 1.6-3.5%) overall, but differed markedly between the two regions: Oromia, 0.9% (95% CI 0.5-1.6); SNNPR, 5.4% (95% CI 3.4-8.5), p < 0.001. This difference between the two regions was also reflected in the routine surveillance data. CONCLUSION: Household net ownership exhibited nearly ten-fold increase compared to the results of Demographic and Health Survey 2005 when fewer than 5% of households in these two regions owned any nets. The results of the survey as well as the routine surveillance data demonstrated that malaria continues to be a significant public health challenge in these regions-and more prevalent in SNNPR than in Oromia