A flat plate rectangular wing subjected to grid - generated turbulence

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are low speed, small, remotely piloted aircraft designed for low altitude reconnaissance and sensory missions. The low speed flight through the lower levels of the atmospheric boundary layer results in relatively high turbulence levels and low Reynolds numbers. In recent studies of low Reynolds number airfoils, the effects of turbulence are rarely considered nor replicated, since traditionally aeronautical testing is almost always conducted in smooth flow. In this paper turbulence intensities comparable to those experienced by MAVs flying at low speed and altitude are replicated via grids in a wind tunnel. A thin, pressure-tapped, flat-plate aerofoil was used to investigate the effects of Reynolds number and turbulence on coefficients of pressure, lift, drag and pitching moment. The lift at high angles of attack was found to increase with raised turbulence intensity, although a drag penalty was incurred

Common effects of bipolar disorder medications on expression quantitative trait loci genes.

The molecular mechanism(s) underpinning the clinical efficacy of the current drugs for bipolar disorder (BD) are largely unknown. This study evaluated the transcriptional perturbations potentially playing roles in the therapeutic efficacy of four commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs used to treat BD. NT2-N cells were treated with lamotrigine, lithium, quetiapine, valproate or vehicle control for 24 h. Genome-wide mRNA expression was quantified by RNA-sequencing. Incorporating drug-induced gene expression profiles with BD-associated transcriptional changes from post-mortem brains, we identified potential therapeutic-relevant genes associated with both drug treatments and BD pathophysiology and focused on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) genes with genome-wide association with BD. Each eQTL gene was ranked based on its potential role in the therapeutic effect across multiple drugs. The expression of highest-ranked eQTL genes were measured by RT-qPCR to confirm their transcriptional changes observed in RNA-seq. We found 775 genes for which at least 2 drugs reversed expression levels relative to the differential expression in post-mortem brains. Pathway analysis identified enriched biological processes highlighting mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function. Differential expression of SRPK2 and CHDH was confirmed by RT-qPCR following multiple-dose treatments. We pinpointed potential genes involved in the beneficial effects of drugs used for BD and their main associated biological pathways. CHDH, which encodes a mitochondrial protein, had a significant dose-responsive downregulation following treatment with increasing doses of quetiapine and lamotrigine, which in combination with the enriched mitochondrial pathways suggests potential therapeutic roles and demand more studies on mitochondrial involvement in BD to identify novel treatment targets

Investigation of Transitional Flow Structures Downstream of a Backward-Facing-Step by Using 2D-2C- and High Resolution 3D-3C- Tomo- PIV

Transitional flow structures in the shear layer of a laminar separation bubble downstream of a backward facing step (BFS) have been investigated by means of 2D-2C- und highly resolved 3D-3C- tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for Reynolds numbers between Reh = 1420 and 3000 based on free-stream velocity U and step height h. By using an external acoustic excitation of the shear layer it was possible to arrange phase locked measurements of the wavy flow structures which emanate from instabilities according to Kelvin-Helmholtz [1] (KH). Snapshots of fully 3D-3C velocity vector volumes show complex flow topologies of the non-linear part of the laminar-turbulent transition scenario. This part seems to be governed by hairpin-like, streamwise elongated vortices on top of the classical spanwise oriented 2-D waves. These vortices organize a rapid fluid exchange normal to the shear layer leading to turbulent reattachment of the flow and subsequent development of a turbulent boundary layer

Data mining of past fertiliser response experiments to construct soil test calibrations

No abstract availabl

A novel flying hot-wire system

10.1007/BF00206537Experiments in Fluids163-4181-186EXFL

Unbiased Metabolite Profiling of Schizophrenia Fibroblasts under Stressful Perturbations Reveals Dysregulation of Plasmalogens and Phosphatidylcholines

We undertook an unbiased metabolite profiling of fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls to identify metabolites and pathways that are dysregulated in disease, seeking to gain new insights into the disease biology of schizophrenia and to discover potential disease-related biomarkers. We measured polar and nonpolar metabolites in the fibroblasts under normal conditions and under two stressful physiological perturbations: growth in low-glucose media and exposure to the steroid hormone dexamethasone. We found that metabolites that were significantly different between schizophrenia and control subjects showed separation of the two groups by partial least-squares discriminant analysis methods. This separation between schizophrenia and healthy controls was more robust with metabolites identified under the perturbation conditions. The most significant individual metabolite differences were also found in the perturbation experiments. Metabolites that were significantly different between schizophrenia and healthy controls included a number of plasmalogens and phosphatidylcholines. We present these results in the context of previous reports of metabolic profiling of brain tissue and plasma in schizophrenia. These results show the applicability of metabolite profiling under stressful perturbations to reveal cellular pathways that may be involved in disease biology

A targeted NKX2.1 human embryonic stem cell reporter line enables identification of human basal forebrain derivatives

Stem cells & developmental biolog