8 research outputs found
Maintaining the quality of vaccines through the use of standards: Current challenges and future opportunities.
An international hybrid meeting held 21-22 June 2023 in Ottawa, Canada brought together regulators, scientists, and industry experts to discuss a set of principles and best practices in the development and implementation of standards. Although the use of international standards (ISs) and international units (IUs) has been an essential part of ensuring human and animal vaccine quality in the past decades, the types and uses of standards have expanded with technological advances in manufacture and testing of vaccines. The needs of stakeholders are evolving in response to the ever-increasing complexity, diversity, and number of vaccine products as well as increasing efforts to replace animal-based potency tests with in vitro assays that measure relevant quality attributes. As such, there must be a concomitant evolution in the design and implementation of both international and in-house standards. Concomitantly, greater harmonization of regulatory expectations must be achieved through collaboration with standard-setting organizations, national control laboratories and manufacturers. Stakeholders provided perspectives on challenges and several recommendations emerged as essential to advancing agreed upon objectives.</p
Lactobacillus casei DG and its postbiotic reduce the inflammatory mucosal response: an ex-vivo organ culture model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
Effects of probiotic type, dose and treatment duration on irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed by Rome III criteria: a meta-analysis
Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser
Photonic systems and technologies traditionally relegated to table-top
experiments are poised to make the leap from the laboratory to real-world
applications through integration. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) lasers,
through their unique linewidth narrowing properties, are an ideal candidate to
create highly-coherent waveguide integrated sources. In particular,
cascaded-order Brillouin lasers show promise for multi-line emission, low-noise
microwave generation and other optical comb applications. Photonic integration
of these lasers can dramatically improve their stability to environmental and
mechanical disturbances, simplify their packaging, and lower cost. While
single-order silicon and cascade-order chalcogenide waveguide SBS lasers have
been demonstrated, these lasers produce modest emission linewidths of 10-100
kHz. We report the first demonstration of a sub-Hz (~0.7 Hz) fundamental
linewidth photonic-integrated Brillouin cascaded-order laser, representing a
significant advancement in the state-of-the-art in integrated waveguide SBS
lasers. This laser is comprised of a bus-ring resonator fabricated using an
ultra-low loss Si3N4 waveguide platform. To achieve a sub-Hz linewidth, we
leverage a high-Q, large mode volume, single polarization mode resonator that
produces photon generated acoustic waves without phonon guiding. This approach
greatly relaxes phase matching conditions between polarization modes, and
optical and acoustic modes. Using a theory for cascaded-order Brillouin laser
dynamics, we determine the fundamental emission linewidth of the first Stokes
order by measuring the beat-note linewidth between and the relative powers of
the first and third Stokes orders. Extension to the visible and near-IR
wavebands is possible due to the low optical loss from 405 nm to 2350 nm,
paving the way to photonic-integrated sub-Hz lasers for visible-light
applications