Theory of the quasiparticle excitation in high Tc_{c} cuprates: quasiparticle charge and nodal-antinodal dichotomy

A variational theory is proposed for the quasiparticle excitation in high T$_{c}$ cuprates. The theory goes beyond the usual Gutzwiller projected mean field state description by including the spin-charge recombination effect in the RVB background. The spin-charge recombination effect is found to qualitatively alter the behavior of the quasiparticle charge as a function of doping and cause considerable anisotropy in quasiparticle weight on the Fermi surface.Comment: 10 page

Manifold Elastic Net: A Unified Framework for Sparse Dimension Reduction

It is difficult to find the optimal sparse solution of a manifold learning based dimensionality reduction algorithm. The lasso or the elastic net penalized manifold learning based dimensionality reduction is not directly a lasso penalized least square problem and thus the least angle regression (LARS) (Efron et al. \cite{LARS}), one of the most popular algorithms in sparse learning, cannot be applied. Therefore, most current approaches take indirect ways or have strict settings, which can be inconvenient for applications. In this paper, we proposed the manifold elastic net or MEN for short. MEN incorporates the merits of both the manifold learning based dimensionality reduction and the sparse learning based dimensionality reduction. By using a series of equivalent transformations, we show MEN is equivalent to the lasso penalized least square problem and thus LARS is adopted to obtain the optimal sparse solution of MEN. In particular, MEN has the following advantages for subsequent classification: 1) the local geometry of samples is well preserved for low dimensional data representation, 2) both the margin maximization and the classification error minimization are considered for sparse projection calculation, 3) the projection matrix of MEN improves the parsimony in computation, 4) the elastic net penalty reduces the over-fitting problem, and 5) the projection matrix of MEN can be interpreted psychologically and physiologically. Experimental evidence on face recognition over various popular datasets suggests that MEN is superior to top level dimensionality reduction algorithms.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figure

Optical Monitoring of 3C 390.3 from 1995 to 2004 and Possible Periodicities in the Historical Light Curve

We report V, R, and I band CCD photometry of the radio galaxy 3C 390.3 obtained with the 1.56-m telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory from March 1995 to August 2004. Combining these data with data from the literature, we have constructed a historical light curve from 1894 to 2004 and searched for periodicities using the CLEANest program. We find possible periods of 8.30+-1.17, 5.37+-0.49, 3.51+-0.21, and 2.13+-0.08 years.Comment: Accepted by AJ, 34 pages, 11 figure

Mitochondrial calpain-1 disrupts ATP synthase and induces superoxide generation in type 1 diabetic hearts: A novel mechanism contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy

Calpain plays a critical role in cardiomyopathic changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study investigated how calpain regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. T1D was induced in transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin, in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific capn4 deletion, or in their wild-type littermates by injection of streptozotocin. Calpain-1 protein and activity in mitochondria were elevated in diabetic mouse hearts. The increased mitochondrial calpain-1 was associated with an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage and a reduction in ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1) protein and ATP synthase activity. Genetic inhibition of calpain or upregulation of ATP5A1 increased ATP5A1 and ATP synthase activity, preventedmitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage, and reduced cardiomyopathic changes in diabetic mice. High glucose concentration induced ATP synthase disruption, mitochondrial superoxide generation, and cell death in cardiomyocytes, all of which were prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted calpastatin or ATP5A1. Moreover, upregulation of calpain-1 specifically in mitochondria induced the cleavage of ATP5A1, superoxide generation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In summary, calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria disrupts ATP synthase and induces ROS generation, which promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for and may have significant implications in diabetic cardiac complications

Non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter direct detection

Dark matter direct detection searches for signals coming from dark matter scattering against nuclei at a very low recoil energy scale ~ 10 keV. In this paper, a simple non-relativistic effective theory is constructed to describe interactions between dark matter and nuclei without referring to any underlying high energy models. It contains the minimal set of operators that will be tested by direct detection. The effective theory approach highlights the set of distinguishable recoil spectra that could arise from different theoretical models. If dark matter is discovered in the near future in direct detection experiments, a measurement of the shape of the recoil spectrum will provide valuable information on the underlying dynamics. We bound the coefficients of the operators in our non-relativistic effective theory by the null results of current dark matter direct detection experiments. We also discuss the mapping between the non-relativistic effective theory and field theory models or operators, including aspects of the matching of quark and gluon operators to nuclear form factors.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures, Appendix C.3 revised, acknowledgments and references adde

The Discovery of A Luminous Broad Absorption Line Quasar at A Redshift of 7.02

Despite extensive efforts, only two quasars have been found at $z>7$ to date due to a combination of low spatial density and high contamination from more ubiquitous Galactic cool dwarfs in quasar selection. This limits our current knowledge of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) growth mechanism and reionization history. In this letter, we report the discovery of a luminous quasar at $z=7.021$, DELS J003836.10$-$152723.6 (hereafter J0038$-$1527), selected using photometric data from DESI Legacy imaging Survey (DELS), Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) imaging Survey, as well as Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore ($WISE$) mid-infrared all-sky survey. With an absolute magnitude of $M_{1450}$=$-$27.1 and bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm Bol}$=5.6$\times$10$^{13}$ $L_\odot$, J0038$-$1527 is the most luminous quasar known at $z>7$. Deep optical to near infrared spectroscopic observations suggest that J0038-1527 hosts a 1.3 billion solar mass BH accreting at the Eddington limit, with an Eddington ratio of 1.25$\pm$0.19. The CIV broad emission line of J0038$-$1527 is blue-shifted by more than 3000 km s$^{-1}$ to the systemic redshift. More detailed investigations of the high quality spectra reveal three extremely high velocity CIV broad absorption lines (BALs) with velocity from 0.08 to 0.14 times the speed of light and total balnicity index of more than 5000 km s$^{-1}$, suggesting the presence of relativistic outflows. J0038$-$1527 is the first quasar found at the epoch of reionization (EoR) with such strong outflows and provides a unique laboratory to investigate AGN feedback on the formation and growth of the most massive galaxies in the early universe.Comment: ApJL in pres

Optical Photometrical Observations and Variability for Quasar 4C 29.45

We reported the result of long term optical variability of the blazar 4C 29.45 (QSO 1156+295, Ton 599), carried out optical photometric observations in Johnson V, Cousins RI passbands during April 1997 to March 2002 using the 1.56 meter telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) at Sheshan, China, compiled the post-1974 optical photometric data of the blazar by combining our new observations with the published optical data, and found maximum variations in different passbands: $\Delta$U = 4.41 mag, $\Delta$B = 5.55 mag, $\Delta$V = 4.53 mag, $\Delta$R = 5.80 mag, and $\Delta$I = 5.34 mag. The average color indices are: U$-$B = $-0.54\pm$0.18 mag, B$-$V = 0.56$\pm$0.21 mag, B$-$R = 0.93$\pm$0.18 mag, B$-$I = 1.51$\pm$0.24 mag, V$-$R = 0.44$\pm$0.15 mag and V$-$I = 1.03$\pm$0.23 mag. The post-1974 data give us an excellent opportunity to search for the existence of possible periodicity in the light curve. In search for periodicity in the R passband light curve, we performed Jurkevich test and power spectral (Fourier) analysis methods, and CLEANest algorithms to remove false signals. We found possible periods of 3.55 and 1.58 years. The possible mechanism for the periodic variability was discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; PASJ in pres

A compact core-jet structure in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 2617

The nearby face-on spiral galaxy NGC 2617 underwent an unambiguous 'inside-out' multi-wavelength outburst in Spring 2013, and a dramatic Seyfert type change probably between 2010 and 2012, with the emergence of broad optical emission lines. To search for the jet activity associated with this variable accretion activity, we carried out multi-resolution and multi-wavelength radio observations. Using the very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz, we find that NGC 2617 shows a partially synchrotron self-absorbed compact radio core with a significant core shift, and an optically thin steep-spectrum jet extending towards the north up to about two parsecs in projection. We also observed NGC 2617 with the electronic Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) at 1.5 and 5.5 GHz, and revisited the archival data of the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). The radio core had a stable flux density of about 1.4 mJy at 5.0 GHz between 2013 June and 2014 January, in agreement with the expectation of a supermassive black hole in the low accretion rate state. The northern jet component is unlikely to be associated with the 'inside-out' outburst of 2013. Moreover, we report that most optically selected changing-look AGN at z<0.83 are sub-mJy radio sources in the existing VLA surveys at 1.4 GHz, and it is unlikely that they are more active than normal AGN at radio frequencies.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA