Performance Analysis of a Gaussian Mixture based Feature Selection Algorithm

Feature selection for clustering is difficult because, unlike in supervised learning, there are no class labels for the data and, thus, no obvious criteria to guide the search. The work reported in this paper includes the implementation of unsupervised feature saliency algorithm (UFSA) for ranking different features. This algorithm used the concept of feature saliency and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate it, in the context of mixture-based clustering. In addition to feature ranking, the algorithm returns an effective model for the given dataset. The results (ranks) obtained from UFSA have been compared with the ranks obtained by Relief-F and Representation Entropy, using four clustering techniques EM, Simple K-Means, Farthest-First and Cobweb.For the experimental study, benchmark datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository have been used

Pattern of medication use among elderly patients attending medicine department in a tertiary care hospital in India

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the drug prescribing pattern and analyze the prescribing pattern using Beers criteria among elderly patients aged over 60 years Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study conducted in the outpatient department of general medicine in a tertiary care hospital for the duration of three months. Institutional ethics committee approval was taken prior to initiation of the study. Written informed consent was taken from each study subject. A total of 287 subjects who were aged more than 60 years recruited into the study. The data was collected in a pre structured case record form. Subjects' demographic details, medical conditions and drugs included in prescription their dose; frequency and duration were noted in case record form. Results: Among 287 subjects 91.64% subjects belonged to 61-70years age group, remaining 8.36% subjects were >71year older and 57.14% were males and 42.86% were females. Hypertension was the most common cause of attending hospital followed by diabetes mellitus, CNS disorders, respiratory, cardiovascular disorders other than hypertension and infectious diseases. A total of 1574 formulations containing 1669 active ingredients and 90 FDCs were prescribed. And only 152 formulations were prescribed from outside hospital formulary. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.48±2.00. Among the individual drugs vitamin B complex was the most commonly prescribed drug Conclusion:  There is need for more rational prescribing and to form guidelines for safe and effective use of medicines in elderly patients

Drug utilization study of anti-hypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The antihypertensive drugs used for its management constitute a significant portion of the medicines prescribed in a health care centre. The aim of our study was to analyse the utilization pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital in accordance with the WHO prescription indicators.Methods: A prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient of general medicine department of Osmania General Hospital. The prescriptions of the hypertensive patients visiting the outpatient were monitored. From the data collected, the prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs, and WHO prescription indicators, were analysed.Results: Out of the 301study subjects, 134 (44.51%) were males and 167 (55.48%) were females, with the maximum number of patients (197) falling in the age group 51-70 years. Among the antihypertensive drugs prescribed, Amlodipine was most frequently prescribed (53.15%). The frequently used drugs for monotherapy - amlodipine (26.91%) and for two drug therapy - amlodipine+enalapril (17.27%), and for three drug therapy - atenolol+enalapril+nifedipine (2.32%). The WHO prescribing indicators as analyzed from the data collected are; Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter - 5.64/prescription, Percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name - 89.22%, Percentage of medicines prescribed from essential drug list -90.17% .Conclusions: The study provides an insight into antihypertensive drug usage pattern in tertiary care hospital and their rational use. The study emphasizes the need for preventive measures and effective educative measures in the population about hypertension

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography evaluation of Bala Taila

Introduction: Bala Taila is one of the most popular oil preparations of Ayurveda which not only serves the purpose as curative but also plays role in preventive and promotive aspects. Materials And Method: Bala Taila was evaluated for pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical analysis. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostic study showed the presence of contents such as simple trichome, pollen grain, rhomboidal crystals, annular and pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the loss on drying 0.735% w/w, Specific gravity 0.916g, Acid value 2.186, Saponification value 156.89, Iodine value 87.6 and Refractive index 1.4840. Conclusion: From the study, data developed can be espoused for laying down the standards of Bala Taila

Adverse drug reaction profiles of commonly used platinum compounds in cancer chemotherapy

Background: The aim of the present study was to monitor and analyze the pattern of occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to commonly used platinum compounds in MNJ Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad.Methods: Cancer patients, who received platinum compounds as chemotherapy regimen, were monitored for adverse reactions. Cancer patients belonging to either gender and of all ages, who were receiving platinum compounds under any standard regimen, were included for the study. Cases that were unlikely, conditional or unaccessible under World Health Organization (WHO)-Uppsala Monitoring Centre causality criteria were excluded from the study. The ADRs were recorded in Central Drugs Standard Control Organization forms. Causality was assessed by the WHO Causality Assessment Scale and Naranjo’s Algorithm. Preventability and severity of ADRs were assessed by modified Schumock and Thornton scale, modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, respectively.Results: Among 100 patients, 78 developed ADRs to platinum compounds. The reactions observed were vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal renal function tests, myelosuppression, anemia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, and constipation. The WHO Causality Assessment Scale indicated 64.6% “possible” and 35.4% “probably,” but no “certain” reactions. Naranjo’s Algorithm showed 59.4% “possible” 40.6% “probable” reactions. 48% reactions were “definitely preventable” 16% were “probably preventable” and 36% were “not preventable.” Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale of severity assessment showed that 12% reactions were “mild” 69% were “moderate” and 19% were severe.Conclusion: Platinum compounds have high potential for adverse effects. There is a need to improve the management of adverse effects. This study also emphasizes the need to improve pharmacovigilance awareness among physicians in order to improve the pharmacovigilance in India

Antibiotic resistance and usage, a survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical students of a southern Indian teaching hospitals

Background: Examining the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the medical students regarding antibiotic resistance (ABR) and use can help us in devising suitable educational interventions for them, tailored according to their earlier held knowledge, beliefs, capabilities and experience.Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based survey was conducted among medical students of a teaching hospital, whereby their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a questionnaire, whose responses ranged from ‘agree’ to ‘disagree,’ ‘always to never’ and true / false. The data was analysed by using simple descriptive statistics. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was used to determine any significant difference.Results: The number of medical students who agreed that ABR was an important and a serious public health issue in this teaching hospital was 76 percent (n = 325). But, only 54.3% (n = 233) of the students were aware that bacteria were not responsible for causing cold and flu, while the remaining 37.2 percent (n = 22) were not knowledgeable about this fact. More than 80% rated the adverse effect profile of the antibiotic and the risk of a super infection as the important factors which deserved consideration. Cost of the antibiotic was considered to be an important factor deserving consideration by only 65.5% (n=277) of the participants.Conclusions: Our survey revealed that most of the students were aware of the antimicrobial resistance and its consequences. The only concern was their casual attitude regarding the antibiotic use. Further educational interventions are necessary to improve their understanding and perceptions on antibiotic resistance, as well as their attitude towards antibiotic use

Improving the Accuracy of Fuzzy Decision Tree by Direct Back Propagation with Adaptive Learning Rate and Momentum Factor for User Localization

AbstractMost prevailing availability of wireless networks has elevated an interest in developing a smart indoor environment by utilizing the hand held devices of the users. The user localization helps in automating the activities like automating switch on/off of the room lights, air conditioning etc., which makes the environment smart. Here, we consider locating the users as a pattern classification problem and use Fuzzy decision tree (FDT) as a knowledge discovery method to locate the users based on the wireless signal strength observed by their handheld devices. To increase the FDT accuracy and to achieve faster convergence, we came up with a novel strategy named Improved Neuro Fuzzy Decision Tree with an adaptive learning rate and momentum factor to optimize the parameters of FDT. The proposed approach can be used for any classification problem. From the results obtained, we observe that our proposed algorithm achieves better convergence and accuracy

Correlation of thrombocytopenia with degree of atypical lymphocytosis as a prognostic indicator in dengue

Background: Dengue viral infections may occur as epidemics and are of public health concern in India especially due to high mortality in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces the mortality significantly. To assess the utility of atypical lymphocyte counts with relation to platelet counts as a marker for severe dengue.Methods: A total of 132 serologically proven (by rapid card method) cases of dengue with atypical lymphocytosis (≥10%) and thrombocytopenia (<150×109/l) were analyzed during November 2016. The complete blood counts (obtained from automated hematology analyzer and Leishman stained peripheral smears) were analyzed.Results: Dengue infections were mostly seen in younger age (12-25 years) with slight male predominance. The relevant haematology findings noted were leukopenia in 36% and severe thrombocytopenia (<50×109/l) in 57% of cases. The differential count showed lymphocytosis in 64% with significant (≥20%) atypical lymphocytes in 52% which inversely correlated with platelet counts. Atypical lymphocytosis (≥20%) was noted in 9% of cases with mild as against 32% of severe thrombocytopenia.Conclusions: Atypical lymphocyte count can be used as predictor of severe thrombocytopenia and severe dengue. This helps in early diagnosis and proper management and drastic reduction in mortality

INSERTION IN HIGH DESCRIPTIVE DATA CLASSIFICATION

This is suggested by a statistical step-step statistic that examines the functioning of the FS. The calculation of each Q-statistic of the selected subset text of the features and the correct accuracy. Booster is suggested to improve the current form of FS format. However, the failure to apply FS equilibrium with precision guess is stable within the training environment, especially on the high level of data. This page shows the new Q-statistic brand new test and the additional subset security of the section over the recognition of accuracy. Next, we recommend the Booster FS form that promotes the demand for the Q statistic from the application form. However, an important problem of pre-election is that a change in the first solution may lead to a different subset of properties and therefore the emphasis on the symptoms may be low although the election can lead to a higher resolution. This paper represents a statistic of Q to judge the functionality of a FS form with workbooks. This can be a way to analyze the accuracy of the workbook and stability of the selected items. MI estimates and data include estimate of maximum information. Although most studies have been conducted on multivariate estimates, high levels of quantity and sample samples are still unclear. Then your Booster page suggests to select a given FS document text

A CASE REPORT ON WILSON’S DISEASE: A RARE CLINICAL CONDITION OF COPPER DEPOSITION IN LIVER

Wilson’s disease is a rare inherited disorder and is characterized by the accumulation of copper in various tissues and also in organs like the liver, brain, kidneys and cornea. Symptoms in paediatrics characteristically appear with hepatic involvement. In this case we have discussed about an eleven-year-old male child, who was presented to the Paediatric department in a tertiary care hospital with chief complaints of yellowish discoloration of eyes, dark coloured urine and high grade fever. Due to the accumulation of copper there were decreased levels of ceruloplasmin and there was an increased 24 hour urinary copper, which confirms the Wilson’s disease in this child. Child was treated with Cephalosporin antibiotics, vitamins, laxative, and bile acid sequestrants. Child showed gradual improvement in clinical symptoms and got discharged without any further event. Quality of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE system. Early diagnosis and management helped to prevent serious complications