COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE, RUPATADINE AND MOMETASONE IN PATIENTS OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Aim: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Rupatadine and mometasone with Levocetirizine which is most commonly used drug. To study the effects of levocetirizine, Rupatadine and mometasone on absolute eosinophil count and IgE levels. Methodology: The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 patients each and treated as follows: Group I: were treated with Levocetirizine 5mg OD for 14 days, Group II: were treated with Rupatadine 10mg OD for 14 days, Group III: were treated with Mometasone two sprays (50mcg of mometasone in each spray) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose of 200mcg) for 14 days. The patients were asked to report at the hospital after 14 day and they were followed up with regard to clinical improvement of symptoms and signs and any adverse effects as reported by the patient. Rhinoscopy finding, X- ray of para nasal sinus, improvement in symptoms (sneezing, Itching, nasal discharge, nasal blockage and anosmia) Absolute eosinophils count, Serum IgE levels and adverse reports were studied and investigation were compared before and after treatment. Result: Rhinoscope finding showed treatment with mometasone became normal but X- Ray of para nasal sinus results showed levocetirzine showed higher rate of improvement. In improvement of symptoms sneezing, itching and nasal discharge was high mometasone. In all groups post treatment there was no changes in Ig E and Absolute Eosinophils count. ADR reported with mometaxone. Conclusion: The three drugs, levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone were found to have similar levels of efficacy in controlling the symptoms of the allergic rhinitis. The physical signs improved better with mometasone than the other 2 drugs. The 3 drugs levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone had no significant effect on the absolute eosinophil count and the serum IgE levels. Adverse effects were found to be more with levocetirizine than the other two drugs. Considering this factor and also the fact that long term use of corticosteroids like mometasone is undesirable, rupatadine appears to be a better choice in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE, RUPATADINE AND MOMETASONE IN PATIENTS OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Aim: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Rupatadine and mometasone with Levocetirizine which is most commonly used drug. To study the effects of levocetirizine, Rupatadine and mometasone on absolute eosinophil count and IgE levels. Methodology: The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 patients each and treated as follows: Group I: were treated with Levocetirizine 5mg OD for 14 days, Group II: were treated with Rupatadine 10mg OD for 14 days, Group III: were treated with Mometasone two sprays (50mcg of mometasone in each spray) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose of 200mcg) for 14 days. The patients were asked to report at the hospital after 14 day and they were followed up with regard to clinical improvement of symptoms and signs and any adverse effects as reported by the patient. Rhinoscopy finding, X- ray of para nasal sinus, improvement in symptoms (sneezing, Itching, nasal discharge, nasal blockage and anosmia) Absolute eosinophils count, Serum IgE levels and adverse reports were studied and investigation were compared before and after treatment. Result: Rhinoscope finding showed treatment with mometasone became normal but X- Ray of para nasal sinus results showed levocetirzine showed higher rate of improvement. In improvement of symptoms sneezing, itching and nasal discharge was high mometasone. In all groups post treatment there was no changes in Ig E and Absolute Eosinophils count. ADR reported with mometaxone. Conclusion: The three drugs, levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone were found to have similar levels of efficacy in controlling the symptoms of the allergic rhinitis. The physical signs improved better with mometasone than the other 2 drugs. The 3 drugs levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone had no significant effect on the absolute eosinophil count and the serum IgE levels. Adverse effects were found to be more with levocetirizine than the other two drugs. Considering this factor and also the fact that long term use of corticosteroids like mometasone is undesirable, rupatadine appears to be a better choice in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED HIND PAW EDEMA IN MICE

Background: Obviously, antibacterial agents are primarily directed against bacteria. However, because microorganisms can initiate an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, and as pathogens which persist in cryptic reservoirs (cells or granuloma tissue) can be the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, the hypothesis that antibacterials can down regulate inflammation. Methodology: Healthy adult mice weighing 20 - 30 g and aged 6-8 weeks, each group 6 mice were included. 1% carrageenan administered to produce inflammation. Grouping: Group 1: Normal saline 0.2 ml. i.p., Group 2: Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg, Group 3 Ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg, Group 4: Azithromycin 20mg/kg. Drugs were administered Intra Peritoneal. After 30 min of test drugs administration each group of mice were received subplantar administration of 0.05ml of saline (Control) or 0.05ml carrageenan (1%) for test groups 2 to 4. Paw volumes were measured by dipping in to the mercury plethysmograph at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and results were tabulated. Results: Diclofenac, ciproflaoxin, Azithromycin inhibited paw edema in % at 30min 42.85, 28.55, 14.28, at 60min 75, 50, 25, at 120min 71.42, 42.85, 14.28, and at 180 min 50, 50, 25 respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) has exhibited consistent anti-inflammatory, but the anti-inflammatory activity of is less than that of Diclofenac sodium and Azithromycin also has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, though much less when compared to Diclofenac sodium and Ciprofloxacin. Key words: Anti inflammatory effect; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Diclofenac Sodium; Paw edema; Mice

ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED HIND PAW EDEMA IN MICE

Background: Obviously, antibacterial agents are primarily directed against bacteria. However, because microorganisms can initiate an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, and as pathogens which persist in cryptic reservoirs (cells or granuloma tissue) can be the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, the hypothesis that antibacterials can down regulate inflammation. Methodology: Healthy adult mice weighing 20 - 30 g and aged 6-8 weeks, each group 6 mice were included. 1% carrageenan administered to produce inflammation. Grouping: Group 1: Normal saline 0.2 ml. i.p., Group 2: Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg, Group 3 Ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg, Group 4: Azithromycin 20mg/kg. Drugs were administered Intra Peritoneal. After 30 min of test drugs administration each group of mice were received subplantar administration of 0.05ml of saline (Control) or 0.05ml carrageenan (1%) for test groups 2 to 4. Paw volumes were measured by dipping in to the mercury plethysmograph at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and results were tabulated. Results: Diclofenac, ciproflaoxin, Azithromycin inhibited paw edema in % at 30min 42.85, 28.55, 14.28, at 60min 75, 50, 25, at 120min 71.42, 42.85, 14.28, and at 180 min 50, 50, 25 respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) has exhibited consistent anti-inflammatory, but the anti-inflammatory activity of is less than that of Diclofenac sodium and Azithromycin also has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, though much less when compared to Diclofenac sodium and Ciprofloxacin. Key words: Anti inflammatory effect; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Diclofenac Sodium; Paw edema; Mice

DEVELOPMENT OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

A simple, precise and accurate method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Ambroxol hydrochloride and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilises Enable C18 G column (250 x 4.6mm, 5m), mobile phase consisting of Phosphate buffer pH 3.0: Methanol in the ratio of 20:80 (v/v) and UV detection at 236nm using a photodiode array detector. ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride were exposed to acidic, alkali, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress conditions and the stressed samples were analysed by the proposed method. Peak homogeneity data of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride in the stressed samples demonstrated the specificity of the method for their estimation in presence of degradants. The described method was linear over a range of 15 45 g/mL for ambroxol hydrochloride and 1 3 g/mL for levocetirizine dihydrochloride respectively. The method validation data showed excellent results for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The present method can be successfully used for routine quality control and stability studies

Demographics and Histopathological Patterns of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at a Tertiary Level Referral Hospital in Hyderabad, India: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Background: To study the demographics and histopathological patterns of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) reported at a tertiary level referral teaching hospital in Hyderabad, India. Materials and methods: An institutional retrospective study of biopsies sent to a tertiary level referral teaching hospital, Hyderabad. The data was collected year-wise for a period of 5 years from 2007 to 2011 with reference to age, sex, site involved and final diagnosis based on the histopathological findings. Results: A total of 1,005 oral biopsies were reviewed. Of these, OSCC was seen in 234 cases (23.28%). Buccal mucosa (47.7%) was the most frequently involved site followed by tongue (27.6%). Most of the OSCC patients were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, males and histopathologically well-differentiated (62%). Conclusion: This study showed that OSCC is widespread in the patients of this region

Standardisation of gamma irradiation dose for Sterile Insect Technique to manage South American tomato moth [Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)]

Laboratory studies were conducted to standardise optimum dose of gamma irradiation to induce sterility in males of South American tomato moth [Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta (Meyrick)], a major pest on tomato. Among the different irradiation doses tested, 150 Gy was found to be effective to induce male sterility in P. absoluta, where sterile males exhibited mating competitiveness, significantly reduced fecundity and hatchability in F1 and F2 generations. Five days old pupae were found ideal for exposing to gamma irradiation to induce male sterility in P. absoluta that could be used for area wide management using SIT

Transformations of morphine, codeine and their analogues by Bacillus sp.

749-75

Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line