Coping behavior of women with breast cancer with visible postsurgery deformity

Research was carried out to explore coping strategies in cancer patients. In all, 70 women with breast cancer were studied: 35 of them had visible postsurgery deformity, and 35 did not have visible postsurgery deformity. The purpose of the research was to uncover their preferences for using various strategies and resources to cope with their illness. The results showed that both groups of women had a special set of strategies for coping with stress. The women with visible postsurgery deformity made significantly less use of resources for coping with their illness than did the subgroup of women without visible postsurgery deformity

Redefining Safety

NASA and the Aerospace community have traditionally included both risk to humans and hardware in the definition of "Safety". This leads to miscommunication with the public and can be an impediment to decision making. This paper offers two alternative aproaches: first, applying the term "safety" only to humans and referring to the risk of damage or loss of hardware as an element of "mission success" and second, using different notation for each type of "safety"

Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of cell lines as models of primary tumors across 22 tumor types.

Cancer cell lines are a cornerstone of cancer research but previous studies have shown that not all cell lines are equal in their ability to model primary tumors. Here we present a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis utilizing transcriptomic profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to evaluate cell lines as models of primary tumors across 22 tumor types. We perform correlation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis to understand the differences between cell lines and primary tumors. Additionally, we classify cell lines into tumor subtypes in 9 tumor types. We present our pancreatic cancer results as a case study and find that the commonly used cell line MIA PaCa-2 is transcriptionally unrepresentative of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Lastly, we propose a new cell line panel, the TCGA-110-CL, for pan-cancer studies. This study provides a resource to help researchers select more representative cell line models

Positional, Reorientational and Bond Orientational Order in DNA Mesophases

We investigate the orientational order of transverse polarization vectors of long, stiff polymer molecules and their coupling to bond orientational and positional order in high density mesophases. Homogeneous ordering of transverse polarization vector promotes distortions in the hexatic phase, whereas inhomogeneous ordering precipitates crystalization of the 2D sections with different orientations of the transverse polarization vector on each molecule in the unit cell. We propose possible scenarios for going from the hexatic phase, through the distorted hexatic phase to the crystalline phase with an orthorhombic unit cell observed experimentally for the case of DNA.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

CONTRAST: a discriminative, phylogeny-free approach to multiple informant de novo gene prediction

CONTRAST is a gene predictor that directly incorporates information from multiple alignments and uses discriminative machine learning techniques to give large improvements in prediction over previous methods

Modulated Crystalline-B Phases in Liquid Crystals

Detailed x-ray scattering studies of the modulated phases of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) are reported. In addition to the previously identified one-dimensional modulation that appears at the transition from the crystalline-B (CrB) phase with AB AB stacking to the CrB phase with orthorhombic stacking, there are two other modulation structures each of which contains two noncolinear modulations. The modulations are explained in terms of a phenomenological model in which domains are separated by walls for which the intralayer packing is identical to the lower-temperature crystalline-G phase. This model yields the measured values for both the modulation wave vector and the lattice distortion.Engineering and Applied Science

X-Ray and Optical Studies of the Thickness Dependence of the Phase Diagram of Liquid-Crystal Films

A comprehensive study of the thickness dependence of the phase diagram of freely suspended films of the liquid crystal 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) between $50 and 69^{\circ}C$ is reported. In thick films (thicker than about 300 layers and characteristic of bulk samples) there is a low-temperature crystalline-G phase followed by five crystalline-B phases with different stacking arrangements at higher temperatures. In thinner films there are two additional crystalline-B phases and two tilted hexatic phases, smectic-F and smectic-I, which do not appear in bulk samples. The in-plane and interlayer correlations in the tilted hexatic phases are anisotropic with a clear dependence on the molecular tilt direction; the in-plane correlations are more developed (longer range) perpendicular to the molecular tilt direction and the interlayer correlations are more developed parallel to the tilt direction.Engineering and Applied Science

X-Ray Studies of Tilted Hexatic Phases in Thin Liquid-Crystal Films

X-ray-diffraction studies of the structures and phase transitions of the tilted hexatic phases (smectic F and smectic I) in thin liquid-crystal films of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (70.7) are reported. The measured correlation lengths were strongly anisotropic in both phases. The smectic-I to smectic-F transition is first order as expected from the symmetry change. The smectic-F to smectic-G transition is first order with strong pretransition effects and becomes nearly second order as the film thickness is decreased.Engineering and Applied Science

Synchrotron X-Ray Study of the Thickness Dependence of the Phase Diagram of Thin Liquid-Crystal Films

The phase diagram of freely suspended thin films of heptyloxybenzylidene-heptylaniline shows dramatic changes for thicknesses below 22 layers. The most surprising feature of the phase diagram is the inclusion of two phases lacking long-range crystalline order (smectic-F and hexatic-B phases) between two crystalline phases (crystalline smectic B and smectic G). Neither the smectic F nor the hexatic B occurs in bulk samples. Between sixteen and ten layers the width, in temperature, of the hexatic-B phase increases.Engineering and Applied Science

Synchrotron X-Ray Observation of Surface Smectic-I Hexatic Layers on Smectic-C Liquid-Crystal Films

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction methods employing a position-sensitive detector were used to study smectic-C (SmC) and smectic-I (SmI) phases in thin (2–6 molecular layers) liquid-crystal films of 4-(n-heptyloxy)benzylidene-4-(n-heptyl)aniline (7O.7). Above $\sim 78^{\circ}C$, the entire film is SmC and below $\sim 69^{\circ}C$, the entire film is SmI, a stacked tilted hexatic. Between $69^{\circ}C and 78^{\circ}C$, the surface layers of the films are hexatic SmI and the interior layers are SmC. There is a pretransitional broadening of the surface hexatic peaks as the surface layers melt into the SmC phase.Engineering and Applied Science