Is export diversification the best way to achieve export growth and stability? A look at three African countries

Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe depend heavily on export earnings from a narrow base of agricultural commodities (coffee, cotton, sugar, tea, and tobacco). This dependence increased between 1961 - 1973 and 1974 - 1987, when international prices for those commodities were declining and unstable. Policymakers concerned with the instability and downward trend in export earnings for the three countries, tend to equate these trends with the countries'narrow export commodity base. They often propose export diversification as an expedient remedy. But the authors found that horizontal diversification would have produced lower export earnings and more instability. Policymakers introducing horizontal diversification must first consider price forecasts, comparative advantage, the economy's changing structure, and the costs of adjustment. Reactions to historical price movements can produce unexpected, undesirable results. A shift during this period from favorable to unfavorable price trends, and shifts in the covariances of deviations from price trends, complicate the design of export diversification policies, especially policies aimed at stabilizing export earnings. Generally, the most effective way to achieve growth and stability in export earnings is to increase and stabilize agricultural production and the volume of exports. The authors analysis shows that different export diversification policies can help fulfill different policy goals.Economic Theory&Research,Airports and Air Services,Achieving Shared Growth,Water Resources Assessment,Crops&Crop Management Systems

Risk Factors in the Incidence of Gouty Arthritis in Masohi Town, Central Maluku Regency in 2010

The gouty arthritis incidence rate in Masohi Townof Central Maluku Regency is 54 people based on the data from the general  hospital in Masohi. The aim of study was to find out the risk factor in the incidence of gouty arthritis in Masohi Town of Central Maluku Regency. The study was analytic observation using a control case study. The number of respondents was 196 people consisting of 98 cases and 98 controls. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) and multiple logistic regression. The results of the study indicate that the risk factors in the incidence of gouty arthritis are hypertension (OR = 2.20 CI 95%; 1.24-3.90), central obesity (OR = 3.04 CI 95%; 1.66-5.55), alcoholic comsumption (OR = 2.28 CI 95%; 1.29-4.05), purine food consumption (OR = 5.14 CI 95% 2.80-9.44), gout history in family (OR = 3.10 CI 95%; 1.73-5.55), and soft drink consumption (OR = 1.33 CI 95%; 0.72-2.45). The multivariate analysis indicates that the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis is purine food consumption (p = 0.000).  Since the consumption of purine food is the most dominant factor affecting the incidence of gouty arthritis, diet pattern is necessary for the patients

TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA YANG BERKARAKTER DI ERA DISRUPSI

Manusia merupakan makhluk yang telah difasilitasi Sumber Daya yang dengannya mampu melakukan sesuatu melebihi makhluk lainnya. Di sisi lain kemajuan sains dan teknologi diakui sebagai implikasi hasil pengembangan pendidikan juga, telah menjadi tantangan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan itu sendiri yang menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang berkompoten. Bagaimana mentransformasikan pendidikan yang mampu melahirkan sumber daya yang berkarakter di era disrupsi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan ilmu pendidikan dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) Manusia memiliki potensi bawaan sebagai sumber dayanya yakni potensi spiritual, intelektual, sosial, emosional, dan jasmaniyah; (b) Potensi dimaksud jika dikembangkan dan diaktualisasikan akan melahirkan kinerja terbaiknya; (c) Pendidikan berkelanjutan dan pembangunan karakter sebagai sarana penting keberhasilan menghadapi era disrups

RATIO DECIDENDI HAKIM MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM MEMUTUS PERKARA KONFLIK BATAS WILAYAH DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH ( Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 24/PUU-XVI/2018)

Fenomena pemekaran daerah pasca Reformasi menemukan momentumnya, saking derasnya kemunculan Daerah Otonomi Baru (DOB) pasca Reformasi, para ahli menyebut fenomena pemekaran daerah yang relatif cepat dan massif tersebut dengan istilah “big bang” decentralization, semacam ledakan atau dentuman besar terkait perubahan kebijakan desentralisasi yang sangat drastic. Kehadiran Daerah Otonomi Baru tersebut harus diakui memicu konflik yang kemudian mengemuka, salah satunya adalah konflik batas wilayah. Salah satunya yakni konflik batas wilayah antara Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar dengan Kabupaten Buton Selatan. Mahkamah melalui Putusan Nomor 24/PUU-XVI/2018 tertanggal 13 Maret 2019 yang menyatakan pada pokoknya bahwa permasalahan yang diajukan oleh Pemohon I dan Pemohon II bukanlah permasalahan konstitusional. Penulis kemudian tertarik untuk meneliti apa Ratio Decidendi Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 24/PUU-XVI/2018 tertanggal 13 Maret 2019 dan Apakah Ratio decidendi Hakim Konstitusi dalam Putusan Nomor 24/PUU- XVI/2018 tertanggal 13 Maret 2019 ditinjau dari Makna Teori Negara Kesatuan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendeskripsikan model-model konflik batas wilayah, factor-faktor yang memicu munculnya konflik tersebut serta upaya-upaya penyelesaiannya, metode penelitian dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang menggunakan legis positivis, yang menyatakan bahwa hukum identic dengan norma-norma tertulis yang dibuat dan diundangkan oleh lembaga atau pejabat yang berwenang, dan hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa Ratio Decidendi hakim dalam Putusan Nomor 24/PUU-XVI/2018 bahwa “Pelaksanaan Pasal 18 ayat (1) UUD 1945 menjadi kewenangan sepenuhnya dari Pembentuk Undang-Undang untuk membagi wilayah termasuk menetapkan batas-batas wilayahnya..”, dan relevansinya dengan teori negara kesatuan sangatlah erat, karena pendirian Mahkamah tersebut jelas sekali berkesuaian dengan teori negara kesatuan sebagaimana digambarkan oleh para ahli.Kata Kunci : Pemerintah Daerah, Daerah Otonomi, Konflik Batas Wilayah, Ratio Decidendi

Public Attention and Financial Information as Determinants of Firms Performance in the Telecommunication Sector

The remarkable progress of information technology had driven every firm to publish their financial performanceby using internet. This circumstance resulted in the high public attention in order to generate the stockreturn. In addition, financial information such as financial ratio namely DER, LEV, NPM, ROI, and ROEwere supposed to influence the firm\u27s performance either in positive or negative effects. This study focused onthe investigation of public attention (PA) and financial information as determinants of financial performanceon four companies in Telecommunication sector, Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), within time period from2007 to 2012. Hereby, we pointed out that public attention and financial information considerably contributeto firm performance, in which the Pooled Least Square (EGLS) with cross section and period weight wasemployed. The results showed that Public Attention (PA) positively contributed towards stock return. Further,financial ratio such as debt-to-equity ratio (DER) negatively influenced the return. Leverage (LEV), net profitmargin (NPM) and return on investment (ROI) positively related to return. However, return on equity (ROE)showed the contrary sign, in which it negatively influenced the return but was statistically insignificant. Then,we reported that the stock price (LNSP) did not significantly contribute towards return (RET)

ANTENA DIRECTIONAL UNTUK WIRELESS ROUTER MU-MIMO

ANTENA DIRECTIONAL UNTUK WIRELESS ROUTER MU-MIM