Feeding stimulatory effects of Cyperus rotundus tuber on Cirrhinus mrigala

Traditionally tubers of cyperus (Cyperus rotundus) and its extracts have been used for alluring fish during harvesting in India. An experiment was conducted to evaluate its feeding stimulatory activity and effect on the growth of a commercially important freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric formulated diets viz. plant ingredient based control and control supplemented with cyperus tuber (CS) at 1% and 5% levels were fed to the fingerlings of mrigal, C. mrigala (2.68+0.20 g) for a period of 45 days. The growth performance and the activity of metabolic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in liver, gill and muscle tissues of mrigal were studied during every 15 days interval. Highest relative growth (72.28%) was obtained in the mrigal fed with the diet containing 5% cyperus (5% CS), while the relative growths were 66.18% and 43.40% for the fish fed with the 1% CS diet and control respectively. The activities of AST and ALT were significantly higher (p<0.01) in both 1% and 5% CS diets as compared to the control in all the tissues studied. Higher aminotransferase activities were observed in the tissues of 5% CS group than in those of 1% CS group throughout the experimental period. The observed higher enzymatic activity was concomitant with the higher growth rate in fish. The results suggested that cyperus tuber supplementation increased feed palatability and growth

Application of Liquid Membrane in Removal of Dyes

Textile industries are major sources of residual dyes and organic pollutants that are released into natural water resources. Treatment of this waste water and its recycling is essential because of higher grades of impurities for example pigments, auxiliary chemicals and heavy metals,etc.). Dyeing process causes a loss of 10-25% of the textile dyes,out of which 2-20% are removed as aqueous effluents causing harm to environment. Removal of effluents constituting dyes inside water bodies are unwanted due to their color,& because many of them breakdown into products which are poisonous. To re-use the materials obtained from the waste products,Liquid membrane techniques evolved over other separation techniques due to its high selectivity,recovery,increased fluxes,and reduced investment and operating cost. It combines extraction and stripping in a single unit operation. Removal of dyes by liquid membranes using organic solvents was found to be toxic and costlier. So vegetables oils are used instead of organic solvents in liquid membranes for extraction of different types of dyes and different parameters are optimized based on the extraction percentage. This thesis focuses on the extraction of Methylene Blue using bulk liquid membrane from its aqueous phase. The feed phase was aqueous solution of Methylene Blue and the strip phase was sulfuric acid solution. Solvent was Sunflower Oil for the liquid membrane phase and phenol acted as carrier. 95% MB extraction was achieved from feed phase to organic phase whereas only 90% of MB was recovered from organic phase to the receiving phase. Optimum value for strip phase concentration parameter was 1.25 N and similarly for carrier concentration 1M of carrier is most favorable for the transport process when optimum 12 pH of feed phase if maintained increases the efficiency. Even stirring speed conditions affects the extraction and recovery to great extent and when all the three phase are stirred at 300 rpm it gives the best results

A Certain Class of Statistical Deferred Weighted A-summability Based on (p; q)-integers and Associated Approximation Theorems

Statistical summability has recently enhanced researchers’ substantial awareness since it is more broad than the traditional (ordinary) convergence. The basic concept of statistical weighted A- summability was introduced by Mohiuddine (2016). In this investigation, we introduce the (presumably new) concept of statistical deferred weighted A-summability and deferred weighted A- statistical convergence with respect to the difference sequence of order r involving (p; q)-integers and establish an inclusion relation between them. Furthermore, based upon the proposed methods, we intend to approximate the rate of convergence and to demonstrate a Korovkin type approximation theorem for functions of two variables defined on a Banach space CB(D). Finally, several illustrative examples are presented in light of our definitions and outcomes established in this paper

Limits of Quantum Speed-Ups for Computational Geometry and Other Problems: Fine-Grained Complexity via Quantum Walks

Many computational problems are subject to a quantum speed-up: one might find that a problem having an Opn3q-time or Opn2q-time classic algorithm can be solved by a known Opn1.5q-time or Opnq-time quantum algorithm. The question naturally arises: how much quantum speed-up is possible? The area of fine-grained complexity allows us to prove optimal lower-bounds on the complexity of various computational problems, based on the conjectured hardness of certain natural, well-studied problems. This theory has recently been extended to the quantum setting, in two independent papers by Buhrman, Patro and Speelman [7], and by Aaronson, Chia, Lin, Wang, and Zhang [1]. In this paper, we further extend the theory of fine-grained complexity to the quantum setting. A fundamental conjecture in the classical setting states that the 3SUM problem cannot be solved by (classical) algorithms in time Opn2´εq, for any ε ą 0. We formulate an analogous conjecture, the Quantum-3SUM-Conjecture, which states that there exist no sublinear Opn1´εq-time quantum algorithms for the 3SUM problem. Based on the Quantum-3SUM-Conjecture, we show new lower-bounds on the time complexity of quantum algorithms for several computational problems. Most of our lower-bounds are optimal, in that they match known upper-bounds, and hence they imply tight limits on the quantum speedup that is possible for these problems. These results are proven by adapting to the quantum setting known classical fine-grained reductions from the 3SUM problem. This adaptation is not trivial, however, since the original classical reductions require pre-processing the input in various ways, e.g. by sorting it according to some order, and this pre-processing (provably) cannot be done in sublinear quantum time. We overcome this bottleneck by combining a quantum walk with a classical dynamic data-structure having a certain “history-independence” property. This type of construction has been used in the past to prove upper bounds, and here we use it for the first time as part of a reduction. This general proof strategy allows us to prove tight lower bounds on several computational-geometry problems, on Convolution-3SUM and on the 0-Edge-Weight-Triangle problem, conditional on the Quantum-3SUM-Conjecture. We believe this proof strategy will be useful in proving tight (conditional) lower-bounds, and limits on quantum speed-ups, for many other problems

EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND CHLOROFORM LEAF AND SHOOT EXTRACTS OF EICCHORNIA CRASSIPES LINN IN MICE

Objective: To investigate antidepressant activity of aqueous and chloroform extract of Eicchornia crassipes plant leaves and shoots in mice.Methods: The antidepressant activity of aqueous and chloroform extract of Eicchornia crassipes plant leaves and shoots were tested by forced swimtest (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in albino mice and the results were compared for the both extracts. Imipramine was used as the standardrug for comparison. Results: Phytochemical screening showed presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavanoids, steroids, saponins, amino acids, gums and mucilage.aqueous extract of Eicchornea crassipes (AEEC) and chloroform extract of E. crassipes (CEEC) did not produce any lethal effect even upto 2000 mg/kp.o during acute oral toxicity study. In FST and TST, CEEC showed diminution of duration of immobility time in 200 mg/kg but not in 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: From the above finding concluding that, shortening of immobility time in the FST and TST indicating, CEEC showed more antidepressantactivity acting either by the enhancement of central 5-HT or catecholamine neurotransmission compared to AEEC in mice.Keywords: Eicchornia crassipes, Aqueous extract of Eicchornia crassipes, Chloroform extract of Eicchornia crassipes, Forced swim test,Tail suspension test

1 GHz High Sensitivity Differential Current Comparator for High Speed ADC

A fast responding low power differential current comparator operating at 1 GHz clock speed is presented in this paper. The comparator proposed in this paper is composed of three stages. The paper presents a modified version of Wilson's current mirror comparator for the detection of very low current. This serves as the first stage which is current to voltage conversion followed by comparison stage and buffer stage. Working at a supply of 1.8 V, the comparator is capable of sensing a minimum difference of 4 nA for 6 µA reference current. In addition to low power dissipation this circuit shows a swift response resulting in a propagation delay which is less than 0.9 ns for an input difference of 0.1 µA. The current comparator is simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment 0.18 µm CMOS technolog

EXPLORATION TOWARDS ELECTROSTATIC INTEGRITY FOR SIGE ON INSULATOR (SG-OI) ON JUNCTIONLESS CHANNEL TRANSISTOR (JLCT)

In view of reduced electric field and avoiding source drain engineering, the work exploresstrain effect in junctionless channel transistor. To achieve scaled IOFF and maintain ION, here the device SG-OI JLCT is proposed. The study discusses higher switching action with mole fraction x = 0.25. The dependency of ϕM and the ND is responsible for maintaining constant current for overall analysis

Unifying Parsimonious Tree Reconciliation

Evolution is a process that is influenced by various environmental factors, e.g. the interactions between different species, genes, and biogeographical properties. Hence, it is interesting to study the combined evolutionary history of multiple species, their genes, and the environment they live in. A common approach to address this research problem is to describe each individual evolution as a phylogenetic tree and construct a tree reconciliation which is parsimonious with respect to a given event model. Unfortunately, most of the previous approaches are designed only either for host-parasite systems, for gene tree/species tree reconciliation, or biogeography. Hence, a method is desirable, which addresses the general problem of mapping phylogenetic trees and covering all varieties of coevolving systems, including e.g., predator-prey and symbiotic relationships. To overcome this gap, we introduce a generalized cophylogenetic event model considering the combinatorial complete set of local coevolutionary events. We give a dynamic programming based heuristic for solving the maximum parsimony reconciliation problem in time O(n^2), for two phylogenies each with at most n leaves. Furthermore, we present an exact branch-and-bound algorithm which uses the results from the dynamic programming heuristic for discarding partial reconciliations. The approach has been implemented as a Java application which is freely available from http://pacosy.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/coresym.Comment: Peer-reviewed and presented as part of the 13th Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI2013

A preliminary study on the environmental factors triggering frequent bloom of diatom <i>Asterionellopsis glacialis</i> (Castracane) Round 1990 along west coast of Bay of Bengal

533-541A time-series observation of Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round 1990 bloom in the surf zone of east coast of India and associated physico-chemical parameters, was carried out during pre-monsoon period (May 2018). This study also reviews the species status as a surf-zone diatom and its temporal characteristics. Referring to the earlier study, the temporal characteristic of A. glacialis bloom in Indian context can be classified as ―sporadic‖ due to the alteration of blooming community and may be also further investigated for its seasonality as the bloom mostly observed during the pre-monsoon season. Among the nutrients, silicate is identified as a major factor controlling the bloom of A. glacialis. The present study highlights the introduction of biogenic silica attributed to precipitation induced land runoff and the effect of wind as important environmental factors responsible for A. glacialis proliferation in nearshore waters of east coast of India

A preliminary study on the environmental factors triggering frequent bloom of diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round 1990 along west coast of Bay of Bengal

A time-series observation of Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round 1990 bloom in the surf zone of east coast of India and associated physico-chemical parameters, was carried out during pre-monsoon period (May 2018). This study also reviews the species status as a surf-zone diatom and its temporal characteristics. Referring to the earlier study, the temporal characteristic of A. glacialis bloom in Indian context can be classified as "sporadic" due to the alteration of blooming community and may be also further investigated for its seasonality as the bloom mostly observed during the pre-monsoon season. Among the nutrients, silicate is identified as a major factor controlling the bloom of A. glacialis. The present study highlights the introduction of biogenic silica attributed to precipitation induced land runoff and the effect of wind as important environmental factors responsible for A. glacialis proliferation in nearshore waters of east coast of India