51 research outputs found
Biotransformation of benzonitrile herbicides via the nitrile hydratase–amidase pathway in rhodococci
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the ability of rhodococci to transform 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (chloroxynil), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (ioxynil) and 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); to identify the products and determine their acute toxicities. Rhodococcus erythropolis A4 and Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34 converted benzonitrile herbicides into amides, but only the former strain was able to hydrolyze 2,6-dichlorobenzamide into 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, and produced also more of the carboxylic acids from the other herbicides compared to strain PA-34. Transformation of nitriles into amides decreased acute toxicities for chloroxynil and dichlobenil, but increased them for bromoxynil and ioxynil. The amides inhibited root growth in Lactuca sativa less than the nitriles but more than the acids. The conversion of the nitrile group may be the first step in the mineralization of benzonitrile herbicides but cannot be itself considered to be a detoxification
Gordura corporal, aptidão muscular e cardiorrespiratória segundo a maturação sexual em adolescentes brasileiros de uma cidade de colonização germânica
Bicameralismo e Poder Executivo no Brasil: revisão de projetos presidenciais entre 1989-2010
Isomeric cross-section ratios for (n, 2n) reactions induced by 14.7 MeV neutrons in In and Sb
Cross sections of the (n, p) and (n, ?) reactions induced in Manganese by 14.7 MeV neutrons
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