Evaluation of antifoaming behaviour of polysiloxane mixed with fluoroalkyl as antifoam in degraded amine solution

The removal of CO2 from natural gas by absorption in amine-based solvent is a vital process for oil and gas industries. However, this process frequently struggles to meet its market specifications due to the degradation of amine solution by contaminants in the absorption system which often leads to foam formation and cause issues such as reduction in process performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifoaming performance of Polymethylhydrogensiloxane (PMHS) with Hexafluorobutyl Acrylate (HFBA) antifoam in the methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and piperazine (PZ) solution degraded by glycine, heptanoic acid and bicine. The antifoaming performance of PMHS + HFBA antifoam in this study has been found to be superior compared to the PDMS antifoam. The highest antifoaming performance for PMHS + HFBA and PDMS antifoam is in the presence of heptanoic acid with the highest average foaming tendency reduction of 61.91 % and 42.39 % respectively. This is attributed to the higher spreading coefficient of PMHS + HFBA antifoam that enables it to rupture foam at a faster rate. This study will demonstrate the importance of the continuous improvement of the use antifoams in reducing foam formation for absorption systems

Gas Hydrate-Assisted CO₂ Storage in Subsurface Systems

The Hydrate-based CO2 Storage/Sequestration technique has the potential to contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 by enabling efficient and safe storage of CO2. This paper explores the potential of CO2 storage through gas hydrate formation in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, an innovative approach to mitigating climate change by reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The current applications and potentials of gas hydrates are examined, highlighting their role in energy production, CO2 reduction via oceanic injection, energy storage, and other uses. Geological considerations are analyzed, emphasizing the self-sealing potential of CO2 hydrates, the mechanisms of CO2 sequestration through hydrate formation, and the impact of hydrate presence on reservoir permeability. Simulation studies provide insights into the feasibility and efficiency of this method. Various approaches for CO2 hydrate sequestration are discussed, outlining the practical steps and technological requirements involved. The environmental implications and potential challenges of CO2 hydrate sequestration are evaluated, considering the ecological impacts and long-term sustainability. This comprehensive review suggests that while CO2 storage through gas hydrate formation in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs holds significant promise, it necessitates further research and technological advancements to address the identified challenges and fully realize its potential as a viable climate mitigation strategy

Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Thermodynamic Inhibitor for CH4 and CO2 Hydrates

AbstractIn natural gas transmission and processing, gas hydrate formation is a major flow assurance challenge which led scientists towards conducting new and more detailed studies on different aspects of gas hydrates inhibitors. Ionic liquids (IL) recently revealed as novel hydrate inhibitors due to their unique properties like electrostatic charges together with ability to form hydrogen bonding with water molecule lead them viable research area in the field of gas hydrate mitigation. This paper highlighted the experimental evaluation of thermodynamic measurements of tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) for Methane (CH4) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas hydrates. TMAOH belongs to ammonium based ionic liquids (AILs) which is comparatively economical ILs among the other ILs families. Traditional T-cycle technique with isochoric step heating method was adopted for determining thermodynamic inhibition in this work. Results reveal that TMAOH effectively shift the hydrate equilibrium curve to upper pressure and lesser temperature regions for CH4 + TMAOH + water system and CO2 + TMAOH + water system. The average reduced temperature obtained for CH4 + TMAOH + water system is around 1.06 oC while for CO2 + TMAOH + water system, the inhibition effect found to be around 2.09 oC. Therefore, this study provides roadmap for superior alternative for the development of novel thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor, which can efficiently control the gas hydrate formation