Antioxidant activity of tuberosin isolated from Pueraria tuberose Linn

Antioxidant activity of Pueraria tuberose DC, (PT) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) has already been reported by us and here an active compound has been isolated and its action on expression of iNOS protein has been explored by using LPS induced changes in attached rat peritoneal macrophage cell culture. The pure compound was isolated by column chromatography and its structure was characterized by spectral studies, which was identified as tuberosin (5 hydroxy 3,4,7,3',4' pentamethoxy flavone). Its antioxidant capacity was determined and compared with alcoholic extract as EC50 value for scavenging potential towards pre-generated monocation ABTS* radical, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, metal chelation property and on lipid peroxidation. Further, rat peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured and the attached macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with different concentrations of tuberosin (pretreatment for 30 min). After 17 h the released NO content, in culture supernatant, was indirectly estimated as accumulated nitrite by Griess reagent. To understand the mechanism of action, the extent of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase genes, the iNOS protein was assessed in macrophage lysate by using its antibody on western blot analysis. Tuberosin significantly scavenged all the species of FRs, described above and it also inhibited the LPS induced release of NO and amount of iNOS protein in macrophages. All the changes were significant and concentration dependent. Thus it could be suggested that tuberosin, is one of the active principles of Pueraria tuberose, which directly scavenges various species of Free radicals (FRs) and also inhibits LPS induced inflammatory changes in macrophages

An Overview of Biological and Synthetic Aspects of Thiazole Derivatives in Heterocyclic Chemistry

These overviews signify a study covering the literature on thiazole derivatives in heterocyclic chemistry. This brief analysis as well provides a revise on current reports and demonstrates the utility and the effectiveness of this approach. The data on the process of synthesis, chemical reactions, and biological activity of these heterocycles available over the preceding years are assessing here. In the last few decades, a lot of effort has been prepared on thiazole ring to discover novel compounds associated to this scaffold. This review presents the advanced improvement on the proposed and growth of diverse thiazole derivatives. It is known as the building block in organic synthesis, which provides as an important outline for the improvement of diverse therapeutic agents and illustrate a broad variety of activities. These articles furnish a widespread explanation of the synthetic and biological value of thiazole engaged in the design and synthesis of diverse type of compounds encloses fused heterocyclic rings with more importance on latest literature

Clinical study on the combined effectiveness of Mashasaptaka Kwatha and Marsha Nasya with Mashasaptaka Taila in Pakshaghata (cerebrovascular accident-infarct)

Background: Pakshaghata is one among Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhis which are considered as Mahavyadhis. Pakshaghata can be correlated with Hemiplegia, the commonest pathology of which is cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Stroke is defined as sudden onset of neurologic deficit from vascular mechanism. 85% of all strokes are ischemic and 15% are hemorrhagic. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the combined effectiveness of Mashasaptaka Kwatha and Marsha Nasya with Mashasaptaka Taila in the management of Pakshaghata (Cerebrovascular Accident-infarct). Methods: Thirty diagnosed subjects of Pakshaghata (CVA due to infarct) were administered with Mashasaptaka Kwatha and Marsha Nasya with Mashasaptaka Taila for 7 days. The data of patients was recorded before and after treatment using an elaborate proforma. Assessment was done based on the primary and secondary outcome measures. For statistical analysis, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, McNemar tests were used. Results: In this study it was found that there was statistically significant relief in the symptoms of Pakshaghata (Cerbrovascular accident-infarct). Conclusion: Relief in the symptoms was achieved by the drugs having properties such as Vatakaphahara, Anulomana, Brimhana, Srotoshodhana etc. Hence, Mashasaptaka Kwatha and Marsha Nasya with Mashasaptaka Taila for 7 days is effective in the management of Pakshaghata (Cerebrovascular accident-infarct)

Analysis and Implementation of Malicious Node in AODV Routing Protocol

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is constructed based on wireless medium and it is of self organizing behaviour. MANET is easy to establish and having dynamic topology. The mobile Ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to various networks attacks because MANET operational environment is open and dynamic or live. MANET uses the Routing protocols for data transfer. Two different types of Routing protocols are available: Table Driven and On Demand Routing Protocols. Malicious node is the one type of mobile node but its work is completely different compared to normal Mobile nodes. Malicious nodes have capability to change or remove Routing Information. It also sends or advertises the fake Route Request to attract user’s data. Malicious node disturbs the Network to carry correct flow of operation. It is responsible for attacks on the existing normal mobile nodes and creates receiver collision, limited transmission power, false misbehaviour etc. Malicious or selfish node carries attacks on the networks so it directly effects to the routing Performance. The objective of this work is to check Network performance in malicious environment and provide prevention for the attack. Throughput and Delay are analysed for Denial of Service (DoS) attack and prevention scenarios. Keywords: MANET, AODV, Selfish Node, DoS Attack, Routing Protocol

Radiation Induced Gastrointestinal Damage and Protection: Nigella Sativa Seed Extract and Thymoquinone

Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment for different types of cancers. The side effects associated with radiation includes destruction of normal cells, especially the dividing cells. The cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bone marrow are the primary targets. The GI damage is reflected by early histological changes, functional alterations and symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. This has been designated as the radiation syndrome. Many synthetic drugs have been used to treat GI disorders but a definite cure has not been discovered so far and these available medications also cause several side effects. The herbal extracts are being tested for long time as preventive food supplement/drug in this disease. The radio protective effects of Nigella sativa (black cumin, (Ranunculacea) is already reported but its mechanism of action is not well established. Here in this review this aspect has been explored with special reference to various in vitro and in vivo models

A study on diagnosis and management of arteriovenous malformation of uterus

Background: Arteriovenous malformation is abnormal connection between an organ’s arterial and venous circulation. In acquired AVM, history of uterine procedure seems inevitable. Their clinical feature is usually vaginal bleeding. It is diagnosed by 2-D ultrasonography combined with colour doppler. Most of the time they resolve spontaneously; however, if left untreated, uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy comes in hand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of TVUS and colour doppler in the diagnosis and follow-up of treated cases of uterine AVM. This study also aims to evaluate different modalities to manage uterine AVM.Methods: This was a retrospective study done at tertiary care centre from January 2018 to December 2019 to assess the presentation, treatment, and clinical pictures of patients with uterine AVM that were diagnosed with TVUS. Authors reviewed both (1) clinical data (2) ultrasound data of patients. The diagnostic criteria were “subjective” with a rich vascular network in the myometrium with the use of colour Doppler images and “objective” with a high PSV of 20 cm/sec in the vascular web.Results: Thirteen patients met the diagnostic criteria mentioned above. Out of that 100% presented with on and off bleeding per vaginum. Recent and remote history of uterine procedures were in found in 84.6% (n=11) of cases. UAE was done in 53.8% (n=7) cases. Thirty-three (33%) (n=5) cases spontaneously resolved when closely monitored with serial imaging and serum beta- HCG levels. Hysterectomy was needed in 7.4% (n=1) of patients of AVM.Conclusions: Uterine AVM occurred after unsuccessful pregnancies or uterine procedures. Triage of patients for expectant treatment, hormonal treatment vs intervention with uterine artery embolization based on their clinical status, which was supplemented by objective measurements of blood velocity measurement in the AVM, appears to be a good predictor of outcome