A Review of the Botany, Volatile Composition, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects, and Traditional Uses of Laurus nobilis

Laurus nobilis L. is an aromatic medicinal plant widely cultivated in many world regions. L. nobilis has been increasingly acknowledged over the years as it provides an essential contribution to the food and pharmaceutical industries and cultural integrity. The commercial value of this species derives from its essential oil, whose application might be extended to various industries. The chemical composition of the essential oil depends on environmental conditions, location, and season during which the plants are collected, drying methods, extraction, and analytical conditions. The characterization and chemotyping of L. nobilis essential oil are extremely important because the changes in composition can affect biological activities. Several aspects of the plant's secondary metabolism, particularly volatile production in L. nobilis, are still unknown. However, understanding the molecular basis of flavor and aroma production is not an easy task to accomplish. Nevertheless, the time-limited efforts for conservation and the unavailability of knowledge about genetic diversity are probably the major reasons for the lack of breeding programs in L. nobilis. The present review gathers the scientific evidence on the research carried out on Laurus nobilis L., considering its cultivation, volatile composition, biochemical and molecular aspects, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

High oleic peanut breeding: Achievements, perspectives, and prospects

Not AvailableBackground The nutritional quality, flavor, and shelf-life of both peanut products and its seeds are dependent on relative quantity of various fatty acids (FAs) like saturated, mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) present in its oil. High oleic (HO) peanut oils are extremely valued due to its superior nutritional composition for human health and augmented thermo-oxidative stability for industrial purposes. Scope and approach From the research perspective, noteworthy progress has been made during last three decades for the development of peanut lines having HO trait in its oil. In this review, the research achievements, perspectives, and prospects of peanut genetic improvement for HO trait is thoroughly discussed. Key findings and conclusions The research has helped not only understanding the genetics of HO traits and its genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction but also produced an enormous number of HO line throughout the world. Although, as of now, most of the high O/L cultivars developed are the outcome of traditional breeding efforts. But, with the advent of novel molecular techniques like CAPS and AS-PCR assay for HO peanut breeding program, it is extremely easy to achieve the traits through marker assisted selection (MAS) rather than through either conventional or genetic engineering approaches. The availability of peanut genome sequence and identification of different ahFAD2 gene families is also expediting the research for the breeding of HO peanut genotypes.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the customization of fatty acid profile is an evolving area to fulfill the nutritional needs in the modern market. A total of 174 peanut genotypes, including 167 Indian cultivars, 6 advanced breeding lines and “SunOleic95R”—a double mutant line, were investigated using AS-PCRs, CAPS and gene sequencing for the ahFAD2 allele polymorphism, along with its fatty acid compositions. Of these, 80 genotypes were found having substitution (448G>A) mutation only in ahFAD2A gene, while none recorded 1-bp insertion (441_442insA) mutation in ahFAD2B gene. Moreover, 22 wild peanut accessions found lacking both the mutations. Among botanical types, the ahFAD2A mutation was more frequent in ssp. hypogaea (89%) than in ssp. fastigiata (17%). This single allele mutation, found affecting not only oleic to linoleic acid fluxes, but also the composition of other fatty acids in the genotypes studied. Repeated use of a few selected genotypes in the Indian varietal development programs were also eminently reflected in its ahFAD2 allele polymorphism. Absence of known mutations in the wild-relatives indicated the possible origin of these mutations, after the allotetraploidization of cultivated peanut. The SNP analysis of both ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes, revealed haplotype diversity of 1.05% and 0.95%, while Ka/Ks ratio of 0.36 and 0.39, respectively, indicating strong purifying selection pressure on these genes. Cluster analysis, using ahFAD2 gene SNPs, showed presence of both mutant and non-mutant genotypes in the same cluster, which might be due the presence of ahFAD2 gene families. This investigation provided insights into the large number of Indian peanut genotypes, covering various aspects related to O/L flux regulation and ahFAD2 gene polymorphism.Not Availabl