Effect of reused water on growth index and survival rate of the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This research was carried out to determine water reuse effects on growth indices of rainbow trout. For this reason 4 groups including: Control (with use of 100% fresh water), Test 1(rearing with use of 30% recycled water (with physical filtration and 10% fresh water), Test 2 (using of 10% recycled water (with physical filtration and 30% fresh water), Test 3(using of 100% recycled water) was done. Fish stock of each groups were done with 62 fish in each square meter and average (±SD) weight (15±1.5). The Growth index, SGR, CF, FCR, SR between different groups in each month was calculated and determined. In this research comparing the average of monthly growth increasment between different groups indicated that significant decrease of growth in test groups with control group as well as groups 1 and 2 with 3 groups. There were no significant differences in this factor between groups 1 and 2. FCR, SR and MR showed a significant difference between different groups. These results showed with increasing the replacement of water in rainbow trout culture ponds with recycled water cased significant decrease in SR and CF and significant increase in MR and finally decrease in production and density per unit area

The study of production Artemia enrichment liquid SELCO1 &SUPER2 SELCO with internal capacities

Artemia as a live food has multiple applications in aquaculture. Artemia contains few unsaturated 3-omega fatty acids particularly eicozapentanoeic acid (EPA) and has no 6-omega fatty acids particularly decozahexanoeic acid (DHA), so Artemia naplious is enriched to improve its food values. The most famous enrichment emulsion are selco and super-selco made by Euro-American INVE Company. This study was performed to make Artemia enrichment emulsions by internal potentials. At first, the final composition of Artemia enrichment emulsion (selco) was determined in Urmia university chemical analysis laboratory. Then, aquatic fishing resources in south of the country such as eye oil of tuna fish, shark liver, cuttlefish and plant oils of sunflower, olive and beef oil were used. Fatty acids profiles were analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed that cuttlefish may produce 13± 3 % wet weight of fatty acids. We made 3 enrichment oils which contained 60± 10 % of plant and animal oils. These suspensions fatty acids were analyzed and the results were compared with control sample. Field tests were performed on 200000 Artemia urmiana naplious by enriching the Artemia with enrichment emulsions and the products were analyzed by GC. The results indicated that the rate of emulsions absorbance in imported and internal samples were 37.47, 25.30, 18.88, 22.14 and 10.32 respectively. In the next stage, enriched Artemia naplious were fed as live food to 500 trout larvae in Ziveh Aquaculture Company as follows: Treatment 1- Control consisted of new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food Treatment 2- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus un-enriched naplious Treatment 3- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus selco oil enriched naplious Treatment 4- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-1 oil enriched naplious Treatment 5- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-2 oil enriched naplious Treatment 6- new feeding larvae fed by concentrated food plus emulsion-3 oil enriched naplious The results indicated that treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 from survival rate, growth coefficient, obesity coefficient, total length, food conversion coefficient, final weight and protein percent. Abnormalities rates in treatments 1, 2 had significant difference with treatments 3, 4, 5 , 6 in which enriched emulsions were not used, but these indices had no significant difference with commercial samples which shows internal made emulsions can easily be used. The data were analyzed by one-way analyses variance and Duncan test in SPSS and EXCELL softwares. In conclusion, we can make enrichment selco oils in the country by internal potentials which the foreign samples can be replaced by them

The Comparison of the culture operation of Artemia franciscana and parthenogenetic species on the sidelines of Qom Salt Lake

Qom Province with an area of 11,238 km^2 , surrounds about 0.68%of the country area and almost situated in the center of the country and enjoys a hot and dry climate . Because of the unique flora and fauna of the region especially the salt pools - hoze- Sultan and salt lakes enjoys a certain ecosystem in the country. Research has done in different parts of Iran and Qom province regarding the Artemia culture in salt lands that showed a great potential in the country and Qom province. The aim of this study that was held in order of Qom fisheries institute and environmental protection organization of that province and scientific leadership of Iranian Artemia Research Center, was the culture of Qom native Artemia and Artemia franciscana ( foreign species ) across Qom salt lake and determining the prevalence of cultured species in this region for this purpose, site selection and climatic and topographic data collection was held at 5 regions of Qom province. This regions were included margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, shams abad drainage, railway station, and freshwater culture farm at the north east of Qom salt lake. margins of salt lake, and hoze sultan, were suitable for Artemia investment due to suitable climate and vast area, but they had problems in terms of technical facilities and access to areas . Also, the rail way station and plantation industry had dehydration problems. Therefore, after reviewing the field of agricultural water taken along the 45 km of Kashan and Qom Salt Lake were selected for the project because of the salty ecosystem similar to the lake, presence of salt water drainages downstream of the farm , technical facilities and a large area , soil texture and easy access to the area . For this purpose, six pools with 50 square meters near the reservoir pool available were constructed and 70 g native Artemia cysts of Qom and 23/3 g cysts of Artemia franciscana were hatched in Zooks of 10 liters for each pool ea of 50 square meters under standard condition (salinity 35 ppt pH =8, light lux 2000 and temperature 28°C). By calculating the useful volume of water for culture (112 cubic meters) and Hatching efficiency for native Artemia of Qom (40,000) and Artemia franciscana (120,000), the number of 25 nauplii per liter equal to the 2.8 million nauplii were released to each pool with size 4 × 12 m and high slope with area of 50 meter in the floor and 273 meters in the surface . Non- biological and biological studies, including algae and water analysis and population assessments were performed regularly in pools every 2 weeks. the culture period were from July to mid- October, 2009 for a period of 3/5 months. The results of algal study revealed more abundance of Cholestrium, Navicula, Nitzshia algae during culture period (105 days), that Amphora, etraselmis, Cymbella, Senedesmus, Dscillatoria, Gomphonema genera were observed, too. The results of water parameters analysis revealed that they should preserve at salinity 40–50 ppt, pH 8, water hardness 7000- 9000 mg. the results of population assessment showed a larger amounts of female broods of Qom Artemia at days 15,30 and 90 of culture with average number of 120.3, 68.8 and 29.5 per liter, respectively, comparing to Artemia franciscana with average number of 28.8, 17.5 and 7.7 per liter that was significant (p<0.05). The results indicated the greater development and adaptation of native Artemia of Qom at the culture ecosystem of Qom (Kesht va Sanaat Ab Shirin farm at the northeast of Qom salt lake). Harvesting of Artemia biomass of native Qom with the amount of 30 kg/100m^2 showed the production of native Artemia is relatively economic and during culture period (105 days) the mean cyst production for native Qom Artemia and Artemia franciscana were 193 and 123.5 individuals/liter, respectively. It can be concluded that native Qom Artemia enjoys a greater adaptation in growth and development with the arid ecosystem of the region and can be used as a valuable biologic stock in culturing purposes and developing native Artemia strains of the country and investments in construction of Artemia culture pilots in salt areas situated at Qom salt lake

Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socioeconomic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake

Saltwater resources with Artemia (Brine shrimp) are the important ecosystems in Semi-arid Areas. That can play an important role in sustaining the economic and social system. Alternatively, will ensure that economic and social issues with of continuity and sustainability of these ecosystems resident. This study carried out "Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socio-economic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake" that was ordered by Qom province general directorate of fisheries during the 2012-2013. According to previous studies, despite the potential of human resources and Social conditions for the development of economic activities, factors such as the low groundwater and drying the salt lake , lack of fresh water in the region, environmental problems , successive droughts, prioritize and rationalize water use in agriculture, Artemia cyst harvest or Artemia culture has made virtually impossible with the current situation and has deprived the tools to make investments for the construction of earthen ponds and exploitation of native Artemia in the eastern margin of the Qom lake . Also, due to the occurrence of the Lake in the national park and privacy protection and Prohibited areas of environmental protection organization, it seems unlikely that this organization grant approval agreement required for any exploitation

Hygienic monitoring of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) on Aras Lake reservoir

Aras dam reservoir situated in the northwest of Iran, west Azarbaijan province, is the only water resource of Astacus leptodactylus harvest in the country that more than 250tons of this species were exported to different countries all over the world, annually. On the other hand, one of the polices of Iranian Science Fisheries Institute is the release of this species into other water resources in the country and for this purpose, the study of risky diseases such as Crayfish pest (Aphanomysis astasi) and other zoonotic diseases are considered as the research priorities of aquaculture development of the country. This study was carried out to health screening of Astacus leptodactylus at Aras dam reservoir from winter 2013 to fall 2014. In this regard, A total of 394 harvested livefreshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (255males, 139females) weretested. 9 epibionts and parasites peritrich protozoans were identified. From Metazoan parasites group, Branchiobdella kozarovi with incidence rate of (100%) in obtained samples was the only isolated organism from this group that identified up to species level. There was a heavy damage in gills of samples with Aeolosoma hemprichi (Annelid) in winter with90% prevalence. Furthermore, Other Epibiont fouling organisms such as Rotatoria; free living nematods and suctoria were observed in this survey. The fungi study of the lesions and melanized spots of mentioned samples revealed their infection to Penicillium expansum; Aspergillus flavus; Alternaria sp. ; Fusarium sp. and Saprolegnia sp. The results of bacterial study confirmed the presence of pathogen bacteria in Astacus leptodactylus. The most frequency percentage (15.16%) in hepatopancrease were related to Aeromonas hydrophila and the least one (1.37%) were due to Yersinia bacteria. Also, only Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified from heamolymph, respectively. The results revealed that the combination of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp. has caused the most infection rate while. Yersinia ruckeri and Salmonella typhi has caused the least infections in Astacus leptodactylus. According to the isolation of 6 bacteria species from hepatopancreas and 2 species from heamplymph , it can be concluded that hepatopancreas enjoyed the higher infection rate compared to haemolymph in the obtained samples

Survey of handling and freezing storage effects on quality of Aras dam's fresh water crayfish meat (Astacus leptodactylus)

Sampling for this study was carried out at the freshwater crayfish fishing season (May to December ) from the selected packs made from one of the harvesting centers at the first day ( harvesting and packing ) until the seventh day ( the export time ) using registered number to determine the handling effect ( live ) and changes in chemical and microbial indices in tail fillet stored at -18 ° C at days 1 and every 15 days considering 1 treatment and 3 replicates. The comparison of results mean (±SE) of the effects of handling on tested indices showed a significant reduction of protein percentage (dry weight) of tail filet at day 7 (13/85 ± 0/07) comparing with fishing day (16/1 ± 0/05) ( (p 0.05). Comparison of the mean (±SE) of total bacterial count (log CFU / g) and psychrophilic bacteria at different periods of tail fillet storage at - 18 °C showed significant differences at day1 ( 3.48 ± 0.00 and 1.0± 0.00) compared to day 180 ( 6.86± 0.85 and 6.75± 0.25) , respectively(p>0.05) .Comparison of Mean (±SE) of chemical indices for first day with day 180 were thiobarbituric acid ( mg malondialdehyde /kg ) (0.19/0 ± 0/07) and (1/45 ± 0/25), peroxide ( meq oxygen/ kg fat ) (0/81 ± 0/21) and (2/2 ± 0/3), total volatile basic nitrogen ( mg per 100 g fillet ) (13/21 ± 1/01) and (26/6 ± 1 / 40) and acidity (6/26 ± 0/08) and (6/55 ± 0/05), respectively which showed significant differences with each other (p < 0.05). Therefore, cited to the results of microbiological and chemical parameters, maximum shelf life longetivity of freshwater crayfish tail fillets packaged in the air is recommended as 5 months after freezing at – 18 °C

Merus Ring, a New Approach for Reducing Sediment in Drip Irrigation System

The main problem with trickle irrigation is the emitter’s clogging. Using Merus ring is a new method for reducing sedimentation. The effect of Merus ring is based on molecular oscillations of salts in water and the performance of this device is not based on magnetic field. This study was performed in a field located at Isfahan University of Technology to investigate the effect of Merus ring on emitter’s clogging. Two main treatments of irrigation water, one with Merus ring and another without Merus ring, and three sub-treatments of irrigation water salts were used. The experiment was run for three months and each treatment was irrigated for three hours every day. The results showed that the irrigation water treatment (irrigation with Merus ring and without Merus ring) had significant effect on average emitter’s discharge (qav) at 1% level and on distribution uniformity of emitters (EU) at 5% level. The average emitter’s discharge and distribution uniformity of emitters were higher for the treatment of with Merus ring as compared to the treatment of without Merus ring. For both irrigation water treatments, qav and EU decreased with time during the experiment, but the decrease was higher for the treatment of without using Merus ring. The results showed that the use of Merus ring causes lower emitter clogging and better irrigation performanc

Species factor and evapotranspiration for an Ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia) and Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) in an arid region

Abstract The determination of crop coefficients (species factor) and evapotranspiration are important for estimating irrigation water requirements in order to have better irrigation scheduling and water management. The aim of this study was to determine the species factor and evapotranspiration for a reference crop of grass (Lolium perenne) and for two typical landscape crops of Ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia) and Cypress (Cupressus arizonica) using field drainage lysimeters in an arid region of Isfahan in central part of Iran. The potential evapotranspiration was estimated using nine different common methods. Among these methods, the FAO-Radiation, Turc-Radiation-Grass and FAOBlaney-Criddle methods showed very close agreement with the lysimeter data

Effect of PRD Deficit-irrigation Method and Growth Stabilizer on Yield, Yield Components and Water Use Efficiency of Safflower

While Iran is confronted with deficiency of fresh water resources, raising agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) is inevitable. A management method which could be effective in increasing agricultural WUE is PRD irrigation method. In PRD method, half of the root zone is irrigated and the other half is kept dry intermittently. The objective of this research was to study yield, yield components and WUE of safflower, using PRD irrigation method and a growth stabilizer in two soil textures. The factorial experiment, based on complete random design and three replications, included three irrigation methods (T1, complete irrigation T2, PRD with barrier T3, PRD without barrier), two levels of stabilizer (B1, spraying sodium salicylate and B2, without spraying sodium salicylate) and two soil textures (S1, clay loam and S2, sandy loam). Results showed that the PRD method in T2 treatment decreased plant height by 54.1%, number of heads by 68%, 1000-seed weight by 32%, plant dry-weight by 345, seed yield by 30%, harvest index by 17.6% and water consumption by 50%, as compared with T1 treatment. But WUE was increased by 35%. WUE of T3 treatment was 18.5% less than T2 treatment. Seed yield in sandy loam soil (8.8 g per plant) was more than seed yield of clay loam soil (3.8 g per plant). Application of growth stabilizer in T1, T2 and T3 treatments increased WUE by 14.3, 7.1 and 8.7%, respectively, as compared to non-sprayed treatments. In general, the PRD irrigation method and spraying sodium salicylate on the plants enhanced WUE of safflower in sandy loam soil. Implementation of this irrigation method in the field needs further investigations