Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pembelian Minyak Goreng Curah Pada Rumah Tangga Di Kota Bengkulu

The research to aimed quantify the level of purchases of cooking oil in households in the city of Bengkulu and to analyze the factors affecting the level of purchases of cooking oil in households in the city of Bengkulu. The research area decided by purposive. The data that use in this research are primary data and secondary data. Analyzed method use Multiple Linear Regresion derived by the square of the least square ordinary (Ordinary Least Square / OLS). The result show : The average purchase of cooking oil in Bengkulu City every month of 6.6 kg / household / month. Household income positive significant effect on the purchase of cooking oil in the city of Bengkulu, and number of branded cooking oil purchases negative significant effect on the purchase of cooking oil in the city of Bengkulu. However, of age, education, household spending, and perceptions of the cooking oil products did not significantly influence the purchase of cooking oil in the city of Bengkulu

Analisa Deskriptif Proses Perencanaan Suksesi Pada PT Inti Mineral Tjahaya Indah Dengan Seven Pointed Star Model

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perencanaan suksesi pada Perusahaan keluarga PT Inti Mineral Tjahaya Indah di Tulung Agung. Bisnis keluarga berkaitan erat dengan perencanaan suksesi. Perencanaan suksesi diperlukan untuk dapat menjaga keberlangsungan bisnis keluarga dalam jangka panjang. Calon suksesor yang dipilih harus memiliki kriteria sesuai kebutuhan Perusahaan. Faktor-faktor dalam penentuan suksesor berperan penting dalam suksesi dan proses pembelajarannya. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan suksesi yang terjadi dalam Perusahaan keluarga serta prosesnya dengan Seven Pointed Star Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya persiapan pada perencanaan suksesi di PT Inti Mineral Tjahaya Indah

A study of anodic films on n-InP by spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy

The growth of anodic films on n-InP in 1 mol dm-1 KOH is investigated under potential sweep conditions. At lower potentials a thin surface film is formed and a peak is observed on the current-voltage curve. Ellipsometric measurements show that this film increases in thickness with increasing potential but the observed thickness values are significantly less than the corresponding coulometrically estimated values. This indicates that much of the charge passed is not involved in the formation of a surface film but presumably in the formation of soluble anodic reaction products. Cyclic voltammograms show that a current peak is also observed on the reverse sweep and ellipsometric measurements show that the anodic film thickness also increases during the reverse sweep until the peak potential is reached. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that the surface becomes smoother as the potential is increased. We attribute this to the formation of nuclei at lower potentials, which coalesce as the layer becomes thicker. Electron diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis show that the surface film is predominantly In2O3 with no evidence of InPO4

Anodic behavior of InP: film growth, porous structures and current oscillations.

We review our recent work on the anodization of InP in KOH electrolytes. The anodic oxidation processes are shown to be remarkably different in different concentrations of KOH. Anodization in 2 - 5 mol dm-3 KOH electrolytes results in the formation of porous InP layers but, under similar conditions in a 1 mol dm-3 KOH, no porous structure is evident. Rather, the InP electrode is covered with a thin, compact surface film at lower potentials and, at higher potentials, a highly porous surface film is formed which cracks on drying. Anodization of electrodes in 2 - 5 mol dm-3 KOH results in the formation of porous InP under both potential sweep and constant potential conditions. The porosity is estimated at ~65%. A thin layer (~ 30 nm) close to the surface appears to be unmodified. It is observed that this dense, near-surface layer is penetrated by a low density of pores which appear to connected it to the electrolyte. Well-defined oscillations are observed when InP is anodized in both the KOH and (NH4)2S. The charge per cycle remains constant at 0.32 C cm-2 in (NH4)2S but increases linearly with potential in KOH. Although the characteristics of the oscillations in the two systems differ, both show reproducible and well-behaved values of charge per cycle

Growth and characterization of anodic Films on InP in KOH and (NH4)2S

The current-voltage characteristics of InP were investigated in (NH4)2S and KOH electrolytes. In both solutions, the observation of current peaks in the cyclic voltammetric curves was attributed to the growth of passivating films. The relationship between the peak currents and the scan rates suggests that the film formation process is diffusion controlled in both cases. The film thickness required to inhibit current flow was found to be much lower on samples anodized in the sulphide solution. Focused ion beam (FIB) secondary electron images of the surface films show that film cracking of the type reported previously for films grown in (NH4)2S is also observed for films grown in KOH. X-ray and electron diffraction measurements indicate the presence of In2O3 and InPO4 in films grown in KOH and In2S3 in films grown in (NH4)2S

Comparison of oscillatory behavior on InP electrodes in KOH solutions

The observation of current oscillations under potential sweep conditions when an n-InP electrode is anodized in a KOH electrolyte is reported and compared to the oscillatory behavior noted during anodization in an (NH4)2S electrolyte. In both cases oscillations are observed above 1.7 V (SCE). The charge per cycle was found to increase linearly with potential for the InP/KOH system but was observed to be independent of potential for the InP/(NH4)2S system. The period of the oscillations in the InP/KOH was found to increase with applied potential. In this case the oscillations are asymmetrical and the rising and falling segments have a different dependence on potential. Although the exact mechanism is not yet know for either system, transmission electron microscopy studies show that in both cases, the electrode is covered by a thick porous film in the oscillatory region

Anodic oxidation of InP in KOH electrolytes

The anodic behavior of InP in 1 mol dm-3 KOH was investigated and compared with its behavior at higher concentrations of KOH. At concentrations of 2 mol dm-3 KOH or greater, selective etching of InP occurs leading to thick porous InP layers near the surface of the sustrate. In contrast, in 1 mol dm-3 KOH, no such porous layers are formed but a thin surface film is formed at potentials in the range 0.6 V to 1.3 V. The thickness of this film was determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry as a function of the upper potential and the measured film thickness corresponds to the charge passed up to a potential of 1.0 V. Anodization to potentials above 1.5 V in 1 mol dm- 3 KOH results in the growth of thick, porous oxide films (~ 1.2 µm). These films are observed to crack, ex-situ, due to shrinkage after drying in ambient air. Comparisons between the charge density and film thickness measurements indicate a porosity of approximately 77% for such films

Electrochemical pore formation on InP in alkaline solutions

The surface properties of InP electrodes were examined following anodization in (NH4)2S and KOH electrolytes. In both solutions, the observation of current peaks in the cyclic voltammetric curves was attributed to selective etching of the substrate and a film formation process. AFM images of samples anodized in the sulfide solution, revealed surface pitting and TEM micrographs revealed the porous nature of the film formed on top of the pitted substrate. After anodization in the KOH electrolyte, TEM images revealed that a porous layer extending 500 nm into the substrate had been formed. Analysis of the composition of the anodic products indicates the presence of In2S3 in films grown in (NH4)2S and an In2O3 phase within the porous network formed in KOH