Ability of History Taking Alone to Identify Early Pregnancies Among Potential Measles Vaccinees

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the ability of history taking alone, compared with pregnancy testing, to identify early pregnancies among potential female measles vaccinees

The utility of surface magnetic field measurements in the MAGSAT program

To take full advantage of the global, vector, survey by the Magsat satellite, and international program of augmented surface measurements was proposed. For secular variation and upper mantle conductivity the proposed measurements are global. The repeat station measurements for secular variation should be occupied at 2-3 year intervals. A special observing period in November and December of 1979 is proposed during which simultaneous, continuous, global measurements for upper mantle conductivity studies are to be gathered. Finally, it is recommended that the networks in operation during the IMS extend their operation through the Fall of 1980 to provide correlative data useful for high latitude disturbance studies and for crustal conductivity studies

First Records for \u3ci\u3eAeshna Sitchensis\u3c/i\u3e (Odonata: Aeshnidae) and \u3ci\u3eEnallagma Clausum\u3c/i\u3e (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), and a Northwestern Record for the State-Endangered \u3ci\u3eSomatochlora Incurvata\u3c/i\u3e (Odonata: Corduliidae) in Wisconsin

While surveying for Odonata in coastal peatlands and associated shoreline areas adjacent to Lake Superior in Wisconsin, we documented populations of two new state record species, the zig-zag darner (Aeshna sitchensis Hagen) and the alkali bluet (Enallagma clausum Morse). We also located a robust population of the state-endangered incurvate emerald (Somatochlora incurvata Walker) at the northwestern edge of the known range of this species. Adults and exuviae of A. sitchensis and S. incurvata were found at an insular fen on Stockton Island, Ashland County, within the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (AINL). Breeding of both species had occurred in areas of the fen where small pools had dried by summer. Additionally, a single adult male A. sitchensis was collected in the City of Superior in Douglas County. Adult E. clausum were found at two sites: on the Lake Superior beach near the mouth of the Sand River within the AINL in Bayfield County, and along the northeast shore of Allouez Bay in the City of Superior in Douglas County

Fundamental limitations in microelectronics — I. MOS technology

The physical phenomena which will ultimately limit MOS circuit miniaturization are considered. It is found that the minimum MOS transistor size is determined by gate oxide breakdown and drain-source punch-through. Other factors which limit device size are drain-substrate breakdown, drain ‘corner’ breakdown and substrate doping fluctuations. However these limitations are less severe than the oxide breakdown limitation mentioned above. Power dissipation and metal migration limit the frequency and/or packing density of fully dynamic and of complementary MOS circuits. In static non-complementary circuits, power dissipation is the principal limitation of the number of circuit functions per chip. The channel length of a minimum size MOS transistor is a factor of 10 smaller than that of the smallest present day devices. The tolerances required to manufacture such a transistor are compatible with electron beam masking techniques. It is thus possible to envision fully dynamic silicon chips with up to 10^7–10^8 MOS transistors per cm^2

Current-voltage characteristics of small size MOS transistors

One-dimensional analysis is used to find an upper and lower bound to the drain current of MOS transistors. The drain and source depletion regions and charge carrier velocity saturation are taken into account. These considerations are important in small devices

Advancing Philanthropy Through Data Analytics

Most foundations are engaged in the art of the possible. They invest in organizations and programs aimed at transforming current realities into better possibilities and in ideas that "push the envelope" in ways that test the edges of what could be. But few foundations are taking advantage of a proven tool for expanding the possible in their own grant making and mission effectiveness: data analysis. Analytic methods are routinely used and considered essential in nearly every other sector of the economy. In healthcare, retail and financial services, to name just a few hotbeds, analytics has dramatically affected what -- with a given amount of time and money -- is possible to measure, to manage, to learn, to change and to achieve. The foundation world -- which holds over USD $1.5 trillion in assets globally and$646.1 billion in the U.S. alone, with annual grant making of approximately $100 billion globally and$46.9 billion in the U.S. -- uses analytic methods to assess, select, monitor, and report on its capital market investments for the 95% of its corpus that generates revenue. These very same methods, with even the introduction of the most basic analytic techniques, will provide demonstrable gains for the remaining 5% of the corpus that is distributed for charitable purposes. Foundations can gain visibility into how resources are allocated across their organization, view grant distribution compared to per capita need and explore outcomes data... among many other uses. For grant making organizations, analytics are a key that can be used to unlock answers to vital questions such as:How well does our grant making align with our strategy and stated tactics?Which grantees produce the best outcomes in support of our mission and strategy?Has this intervention strategy been tried before and, if so, how well did it work?Does this strategy merit replication, and is there evidence that it can be replicated and/or scaled?If we committed the same grant making budget differently, could we produce a greater impact?Board members gain visibility into the execution of top-level strategies and timely enough operational feedback to actually refine their strategic plans and, therefore, better influence desired outcomes in alignment with their mission. Foundations leaders and senior managers gain insights into what is working and clear indicators of where improvements are needed. Program managers gain time-saving tools that simplify their work and help them steer toward grant making objectives. Data analysis also improves communication and coordination by helping all participants arrive at a clear and common understanding of what types of grants and/or investments are being deployed and how they are influencing outcomes. Moreover, improved transparency enables stakeholders and the community at large to better see what investments are accomplishing. This paper looks at some of these early achievements in Kuity's work with The California Endowment (TCE). It also discusses where the nonprofit sector is headed in the implementation of more advanced analytic methods that will yield even greater benefits

An Iterated Pseudospectral Method for Functional Partial Differential Equations

Chebyshev pseudospectral spatial discretization preconditioned by the Kosloff and Tal-Ezer transformation [10] is applied to hyperbolic and parabolic functional equations. A Jacobi waveform relaxation method is then applied to the resulting semi-discrete functional systems, and the result is a simple system of ordinary differential equations d/dtUk+1(t) = MαUk+1(t)+f(t,U kt). Here Mα is a diagonal matrix, k is the index of waveform relaxation iterations, U kt is a functional argument computed from the previous iterate and the function f, like the matrix Mα, depends on the process of semi-discretization. This waveform relaxation splitting has the advantage of straight forward, direct application of implicit numerical methods for time integration (which allow use of large time steps than explicit methods). Another advantage of Jacobi waveform relaxation is that the resulting systems of ordinary differential equation can be efficiently integrated in a parallel computing environment. The Kosloff and Tal-Ezer transformation preconditions the matrix Mα, and this speeds up the convergence of waveform relaxation. This transformation is based on a parameter α∈ (0, 1], thus we study the relationship between this parameter and the convergence of waveform relaxation with error bounds derived here for the iteration process. We find that convergence of waveform relaxation improves as α increases, with the greatest improvement at α=1 if the spatial derivative of the solution at the boundaries is near zero. These results are confirmed by numerical experiments, and they hold for hyperbolic, parabolic and mixed hyperbolic-parabolic problems with and without delay terms

The synthesis of potential antimalarials. Derivatives of pantoyltaurine

The general hypothesis as to the mode of action of chemotherapeutic agents, which has been formulated by Fildes, Woods, McIlwain, and others (2), offers a rational and useful guide to the design of new drugs. Thus, bacteriostasis is pictured as caused by the blocking of reactions essential to growth by an inhibiting substance which has a structure similar to that of one of the normal enzymes or metabolites essential to the growth of the organism

HgSe, a highly electronegative stable metallic contact for semiconductor devices

Schottky barriers formed by the highly electronegative substance HgSe on n-ZnS and on n-ZnSe have been characterized by capacitance-voltage and photoresponse measurements. The barriers are about 0.5 eV greater than Au barriers on these n-type substrates. HgSe contacts are stable under ambient conditions and are easily fabricated, making them attractive for device use