Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kota Semarang Nomor 4 Tahun 2013 Tentang Penanggulangan HIV Dan AIDS

HIV and AIDS policy in Semarang City is the government's efforts to tackle the disease HIV and AIDS in the city of Semarang. Semarang as the capital of Central Java province ranks first with a high case-finding, so the Government of Semarang City makes regulation number 4 of 2013 on HIV and AIDS. HIV and AIDS management efforts consisting of four activities there are promotion, prevention, treatment and social rehabilitation. This study aims to describe the process of implementing HIV and AIDS policy conducted by the City of Semarang and to describe the factors that influence policy implementation. This study is an observational study is qualitative descriptive data. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, the Secretary of the National AIDS Commission (KPA) Semarang, Staff PM Social Services, Youth and Sports of Semarang, Staff P2P Semarang City Health Department, the Village Head Peterongan, People Living with HIV and AIDS, Midwives, Field Coordinator NGO Griya Asa PKBI Semarang, and Chairman of the NGO Griya Asa PKBI Semarang. The results of this study is on the implementation of policies on HIV and AIDS in the city of Semarang is successful because it is considered to be effective in solving problems related to the spread of HIV and AIDS. It is seen from the aspect of precision implementation has been carried out, although not 100 percent. There is a shortage in the factors that affect implementation such as resource and environmental conditions. Based on these conclusions, the researchers recommend to KPA Semarang to improve the indicator still unwell so that the policy response to HIV and AIDS in Semarang can run optimally

Evaluasi Dampak Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (Pltu) Tanjung Jati B Di Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara

PLTU Tanjung Jati B adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang dibangun di Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara. Melalui pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B di Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara, diharapkan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan listrik Nasional untuk wilayah Jawa – Bali – Madura. Desa Tubanan yang terletak di pesisir pantai Bayuran dipilih karena lokasi yang dekat dengan laut dan diperkirakan tidak ada pergerakan lempeng yang besar diwilayah pantai utara tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B di Desa Tubanan. Untuk mengevaluasi dampak yang terjadi akibat pembangunan PLTU Tanjung Jati B di Desa Tubanan tersebut menggunakan model evaluasi bebas tujuan, yang dikemukakan oleh Michael Scriven yang terdiri dari tiga indikator yaitu pengaruh sampingan yang negatif yang tidak diharapkan, pengaruh positif sesuai dengan tujuan yang ditetapkan, dan pengaruh sampingan yang positif di luar program yang ditetapkan. Model evaluasi bebas tujuan tersebut digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dampak terhadap aspek-aspek yang telah ditentukan yaitu individu, organisasional, masyarakat serta lembaga dan sistem sosial yang terjadi di Desa Tubanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan keberadaan PLTU Tanjung Jati B memberikan dampak terhadap aspek-aspek tersebut. Dampak terhadap aspek Individu, dampak yang dirasakan adalah masyarakat merasakan banyak Perubahan seperti perekonomian yang meningkat dan pendapatan bertambah namum ada yang menjadi keluhan masyarakat seperti menimbulkan kecemburuan sosial antar warga. Dampak organisasional memuaskan dan menambah pengalaman setiap kelompok atau organisasi, namun masih terdapat kecemburuan sosial, seperti yang dirasakan oleh kelompok nelayan pantai Bayuran. Dampak masyarakat mengalami peningkatan yang baik dalam hal perekonomian, pendidikan dan keagamaan namun masih terdapat keresahan dalam aspek lingkungan. Dampak lembaga dan sistem sosial memberikan pengaruh yang baik kepada lembaga yang ada, namun permasalahan sosial semakin banyak dan meresahkan masyarakat. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang terjadi, langkah yang ditempuh adalah penghijauan dan pembuatan peraturan

Adaptive response and enlargement of dynamic range

Many membrane channels and receptors exhibit adaptive, or desensitized, response to a strong sustained input stimulus, often supported by protein activity-dependent inactivation. Adaptive response is thought to be related to various cellular functions such as homeostasis and enlargement of dynamic range by background compensation. Here we study the quantitative relation between adaptive response and background compensation within a modeling framework. We show that any particular type of adaptive response is neither sufficient nor necessary for adaptive enlargement of dynamic range. In particular a precise adaptive response, where system activity is maintained at a constant level at steady state, does not ensure a large dynamic range neither in input signal nor in system output. A general mechanism for input dynamic range enlargement can come about from the activity-dependent modulation of protein responsiveness by multiple biochemical modification, regardless of the type of adaptive response it induces. Therefore hierarchical biochemical processes such as methylation and phosphorylation are natural candidates to induce this property in signaling systems.Comment: Corrected typos, minor text revision

Amelioration of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters by dietary supplementation with taurine and niacin: biochemical mechanisms.

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BL) involves an excess production of reactive oxygen species, unavailability of adequate levels of NAD and ATP to repair the injured pulmonary epithelium, and an overexuberant lung collagen reactivity followed by deposition of highly cross-linked mature collagen fibrils resistant to enzymatic degradation. In the present study, we have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with taurine and niacin offered almost complete protection against the lung fibrosis in a multidose BL hamster model. The mechanisms for the protective effect of taurine and niacin are multifaceted. These include the ability of taurine to scavenge HOCl and stabilize the biomembrane; niacin's ability to replenish the BL-induced depletion of NAD and ATP; and the combined effect of taurine and niacin to suppress all aspects of BL-induced increases in the lung collagen reactivity, a hallmark of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. It was concluded from the data presented at this Conference that the combined treatment with taurine and niacin, which offers a multipronged approach, will have great therapeutic potential in the intervention of the development of chemically induced interstitial lung fibrosis in animals and humans

Interlayer Registry Determines the Sliding Potential of Layered Metal Dichalcogenides: The case of 2H-MoS2

We provide a simple and intuitive explanation for the interlayer sliding energy landscape of metal dichalcogenides. Based on the recently introduced registry index (RI) concept, we define a purely geometrical parameter which quantifies the degree of interlayer commensurability in the layered phase of molybdenum disulphide (2HMoS2). A direct relation between the sliding energy landscape and the corresponding interlayer registry surface of 2H-MoS2 is discovered thus marking the registry index as a computationally efficient means for studying the tribology of complex nanoscale material interfaces in the wearless friction regime.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Transport properties of copper phthalocyanine based organic electronic devices

Ambipolar charge carrier transport in Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is studied experimentally in field-effect transistors and metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes at various temperatures. The electronic structure and the transport properties of CuPc attached to leads are calculated using density functional theory and scattering theory at the non-equilibrium Green's function level. We discuss, in particular, the electronic structure of CuPc molecules attached to gold chains in different geometries to mimic the different experimental setups. The combined experimental and theoretical analysis explains the dependence of the mobilityand the transmission coefficient on the charge carrier type (electrons or holes) and on the contact geometry. We demonstrate the correspondence between our experimental results on thick films and our theoretical studies of single molecule contacts. Preliminary results for fluorinated CuPc are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures; to be published in Eur. Phys. J. Special Topic

Stochastic Resonance in Ion Channels Characterized by Information Theory

We identify a unifying measure for stochastic resonance (SR) in voltage dependent ion channels which comprises periodic (conventional), aperiodic and nonstationary SR. Within a simplest setting, the gating dynamics is governed by two-state conductance fluctuations, which switch at random time points between two values. The corresponding continuous time point process is analyzed by virtue of information theory. In pursuing this goal we evaluate for our dynamics the tau-information, the mutual information and the rate of information gain. As a main result we find an analytical formula for the rate of information gain that solely involves the probability of the two channel states and their noise averaged rates. For small voltage signals it simplifies to a handy expression. Our findings are applied to study SR in a potassium channel. We find that SR occurs only when the closed state is predominantly dwelled. Upon increasing the probability for the open channel state the application of an extra dose of noise monotonically deteriorates the rate of information gain, i.e., no SR behavior occurs.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Density-dependence of functional development in spiking cortical networks grown in vitro

During development, the mammalian brain differentiates into specialized regions with distinct functional abilities. While many factors contribute to functional specialization, we explore the effect of neuronal density on the development of neuronal interactions in vitro. Two types of cortical networks, dense and sparse, with 50,000 and 12,000 total cells respectively, are studied. Activation graphs that represent pairwise neuronal interactions are constructed using a competitive first response model. These graphs reveal that, during development in vitro, dense networks form activation connections earlier than sparse networks. Link entropy analysis of dense net- work activation graphs suggests that the majority of connections between electrodes are reciprocal in nature. Information theoretic measures reveal that early functional information interactions (among 3 cells) are synergetic in both dense and sparse networks. However, during later stages of development, previously synergetic relationships become primarily redundant in dense, but not in sparse networks. Large link entropy values in the activation graph are related to the domination of redundant ensembles in late stages of development in dense networks. Results demonstrate differences between dense and sparse networks in terms of informational groups, pairwise relationships, and activation graphs. These differences suggest that variations in cell density may result in different functional specialization of nervous system tissue in vivo.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Heterogeneous space-division multiplexing and joint wavelength switching demonstration

We demonstrate a six spatial-mode, wavelength-routing network interoperable with few-mode, coupled-multi-core, and single-mode fiber spans using a custom 57-port wavelength-selective switch configured for joint-switching of spatial-superchannels

The effects of demineralisation and sampling point variability on the measurement of glutamine deamidation in type I collagen extracted from bone

The level of glutamine (Gln) deamidation in bone collagen provides information on the diagenetic history of bone but, in order to accurately assess the extent of Gln deamidation, it is important to minimise the conditions that may induce deamidation during the sample preparation. Here we report the results of a preliminary investigation of the variability in glutamine deamidation levels in an archaeological bone due to: a) sampling location within a bone; b) localised diagenesis; and c) sample preparation methods. We then investigate the effects of pre-treatment on three bone samples: one modern, one Medieval and one Pleistocene. The treatment of bone with acidic solutions was found to both induce deamidation and break down the collagen fibril structure. This is particularly evident in the Pleistocene material (∼80,000 years BP) considered in this study. We show that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), when used as an alternative to hydrochloric acid (HCl) demineralisation, induces minimal levels of deamidation and maintains the collagen fibril structure. Areas of bone exhibiting localised degradation are shown to be correlated with an increase in the levels of Gln deamidation. This indicates that the extent of Gln deamidation could provide a marker for diagenesis but that sampling is important, and that, whenever possible, subsamples should be taken from areas of the bone that are visually representative of the bone as a whole. Although validation of our observations will require analysis of a larger sample set, deamidation measurements could be a valuable screening tool to evaluate the suitability of bone for further destructive collagen analyses such as isotopic or DNA analysis, as well as assessing the overall preservation of bone material at a site. The measure of bone preservation may be useful to help conservators identify bones that may require special long-term storage conditions